SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 25 



men and horses take refuge at high tide, when the bars are covered 

 with water. Operations begin as soon as the beach or bar uncovers, 

 so that the men can wade about. The net is placed in a large seine 

 boat, with the shore end attached to a dory. At the signal the seine 

 boat is headed offshore, while the dory heads toward the bar. As the 

 seine boat circles around against the current the net is paid out in 

 the shape of a semicircle. The dory men hurry to the bar with the 

 shore end of the net, the idea being to get that in as soon as possible 

 in order to prevent the escape of the salmon in that direction. As 

 soon as this has been accomplished, the outer shore line is brought to 

 the bar, when several horses are hitched to the line and begin to haul 

 in the net, care being taken by the men to work it against the current 

 as much as practicable, and to get it in as speedily as they can in 

 order to prevent the escape of salmon either by jumping over the 

 cork line or finding some outlet below the footrope or lead line. 



The only other place on the coast where haul seines are important 

 is at Karluk, on Kadiak Island, in Alaska. Here the seines are 

 hauled upon the narrow sand pit dividing the lagoon from the strait. 

 and practically the same method is followed as in the Columbia 

 River. 



DIVER NETS. 



These are in use in the Columbia River, mainly throughout the 

 middle and upper portions of the river. They vary from 100 to 200 

 fathoms in length and are used almost exclusively for chinook salmon. 

 In construction they somewhat resemble a trammel net. Two nets are 

 attached together side by side. The outer one, or the one toward the 

 oncoming fish, has a larger mesh than the other, so that if the fish 

 manages to pass through the first, it will be caught in the smaller 

 meshes of the second. 



DIP NETS. 



These consist of an iron hoop secured to the end of a stout pole 

 with a bag-shaped net fastened to the hoop. They are generally used 

 at the cascades on the rivers, small platforms being erected upon 

 which the operator stands while fishing. Indians formerly used 

 them to a large extent, but, owing to the steady decline in the num- 

 ber of Indians, and the appropriation of favorable spots by the 

 whites for other forms of apparatus, they are but little used now. 



SQUAW NETS. 



This type is virtually a set net. It consists of an oblong sheet of 

 gill netting, about 12 feet long and 8 feet deep, its lower edge 

 weighted to keep it down, and its upper edge attached to a pole that 

 floats at the surface, and is held by a line or lines to another pro- 

 jecting pole which is securely fastened to the shore, so that it will not 



