30 SALMON FISHERIES OF PACIFIC COAST. 



end connecting one with the other and the series terminating in a 

 tube with a removable bottom, through which the captive fish are 

 extracted. Some of the baskets are from 15 to 25 feet in length 

 and are secured with stakes driven into the river bottom, while the 

 leader, composed of square sections of wickerwork, is held in place 

 by stakes. 



During the summer of 1910' the author found and destroyed an 

 ingenious native trap set in Tamgas stream, Annette Island, south- 

 east Alaska. This stream is a short and narrow one, draining a 

 lake, about midway of which are a succession of cascades. In the 

 narrowest part of the latter, and in the part up which the fish swim, 

 a rack had been constructed of poles driven into the bottom and cov- 

 ered with wire netting, so as almost wholly to prevent salmon from 

 passing up. Just below, and running parallel to the rack and at 

 right angles to the shore, was placed a box flume with a flaring 

 mouth at the outer end. At the shore end the flume turned sharply 

 at right angles and discharged into a square box with slat bottom 

 and covered over with boughs. The fish in ascending the stream 

 would be stopped by the rack and in swimming around many of them 

 would be carried by the current into and down the flume, eventually 

 landing in the receiving box alongside the shore. 



WHEELS. 



Fish wheels are of two kinds, the floating or scow wheel, which 

 can be moved from point to point if need be, and the shore wheel, 

 which is a fixed apparatus. They operate in exactly the same man- 

 ner, however. The stationary wh^el is located along the shore in a 

 place where, experience has shown t lat the salmon pass. Here an 

 abutment is built of wood and stone, high enough to protect it 

 from an ordinary rise in the river. To this is attached the necessary 

 framework for holding the wheel. The latter is composed of three 

 large scoop-shaped dip nets made of galvanized-iron wire netting 

 with a mesh of 3^ to 4 inches. These nets are the buckets of the 

 wheel, and they are so arranged on a horizontal axis that the wheel 

 is kept in constant motion by the current, and thus picks up any 

 fish which come within its sweep. The nets are fixed at such an 

 angle that as they revolve their contents fall into a box chute through 

 which the fish slide into a large bin on the shore. The wheels range 

 in size from 9 to 32 feet in diameter and from 5 to 15 feet in width, 

 and cost from $1,500 to $8,000, the average being about $4,000. A 

 number of them have long leaders of piling running out into the 

 river, which aid in leading the salmon into the range of the wheel. 



The scow wheel consists of a large square-ended scow that is 

 usually decked at one end and open at the other. Several stanchions, 

 some 8 to 10 feet high, support a framework upon which an awning 



