36 REPORT ON INTRODUCTION OF 



in giving the natives a severe lesson. Hearing that they were intrenched 

 on the island, he took one of his vessels and with an armed force made 

 an attack upon them. Being unable to reach them with his small can- 

 non, a lauding was effected and a successful assault was made upon the 

 native stronghold. A number of the natives in their desperation leaped 

 from the cliffs into the sea and were drowned, and about one thousand 

 were taken prisoners. 



To the west of Ugak Island is St. Orlovsk, an old Russian settle- 

 ment. Twelve miles farther down the coast is Kilinda Bay, also con- 

 taining an old Russian settlement. A few miles farther south and we 

 pass Sitkalidak Island, behind which is the Bay of Three Saints. This 

 bay was first visited by Grigor Ivan Shelikof in 1784 and named the 

 Three Saints Bay alter his three vessels, the Archangel Michael, Simeon, 

 and Anna. He formed a fortified settlement, which was soon attacked 

 by the natives, who were smarting under the wrongs which they had 

 suffered from previous parties of Russian fur seekers who had visited 

 their shores in ships. Peace was only secured for the settlement 

 through a bloody war. Making Three Saints his central station, Sheli- 

 kof soon had settlements located at all desirable points along the east 

 shore of the island, and also at Karluk, on the west coast, where in 1785 

 he placed fifty-two Russians and a number of native hunters. As 

 Three Saints was the first permanent Russian settlement in Alaska, it 

 also had the honor of securing the first church building, erected in 

 July, 1796. A school had beeu taught in 1785 by Shelikof and his wife, 

 and again by Father Juvenal, who opened his school on the 19th of 

 June, 1796. In 1796 the headquarters of Russian operations was 

 removed from Three Saints to Kadiak. From Three Saints to Kadiak 

 there is almost continuous inland navigation for kyaks and small boats, 

 formed by the straits between the main island and smaller outlying 

 islands. 



Steaming southward, we pass beyond the southern point of Kadiak 

 and lay our course for Ukamok Island. Alitak Bay, in the southwest- 

 ern end of Kadiak Island, is the first point on the island visited by the 

 Russians. This was by Stepan Glottov, who landed here in the fall 

 of 1763, and subsequently wintered at Kiyavak (Kahgovak), on the 

 southwest side of the island. 



At 2.45, on the morning of June 5,we passed Trinity Island, 11^ miles 

 south of the southern point of Kadiak Island. At noon we were abeam 

 of Chirikof Island. This island, discovered by Captain Cook on April 

 4, 1794, is about 10 leagues in circumference. Passing along its eastern 

 side, it seemed high and rocky. This island is historic as the "Botany 

 Bay" of Russian America, being the place where murderers and the 

 more desperate criminals were taken and left largely to themselves. 

 The island was treeless and without vegetation except moss and lichens. 

 However, innumerable wild fowl nested on its cliffs, schools of fish 

 frequented its surrounding waters, and the marmot abounded in the 



