﻿MENHADEN 
  INDUSTRY 
  OF 
  THE 
  ATLANTIC 
  COAST. 
  25 
  

  

  oil 
  is 
  dark, 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  decomposition 
  has 
  reached 
  a 
  well-developed 
  

   state, 
  it 
  is 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  '' 
  off 
  in 
  smell," 
  having 
  a 
  disagreeable 
  odor 
  as 
  of 
  

   decayed 
  fish. 
  

  

  The 
  quality 
  af 
  oil 
  made 
  from 
  fat 
  fish 
  is 
  superior 
  to 
  that 
  from 
  thin 
  

   ones. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  noticeable 
  difference 
  in 
  what 
  is 
  made 
  from 
  fish 
  

   caught 
  in 
  Chesapeake 
  Bay 
  and 
  that 
  made 
  from 
  fish 
  caught 
  by 
  the 
  

   same 
  fishermen 
  at 
  sea, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  of 
  a 
  superior 
  quality. 
  Grade 
  

   A 
  from 
  sea 
  fish 
  is 
  one 
  to 
  three 
  shades 
  Ughter 
  than 
  the 
  same 
  grade 
  

   from 
  the 
  bay 
  fish. 
  Menhaden 
  oil 
  is 
  used 
  chiefly 
  in 
  the 
  manufacture 
  

   of 
  paints 
  and 
  varnishes. 
  Some 
  is 
  also 
  used 
  in 
  tempering 
  steel 
  and 
  

   tanning 
  leather, 
  though 
  a 
  very 
  small 
  quantity 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  latter 
  

   purpose 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  what 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  former 
  years, 
  because 
  

   the 
  curriers 
  are 
  now 
  using 
  mineral 
  oils 
  and 
  compounds 
  which 
  are 
  

   less 
  expensive 
  than 
  fish 
  oil. 
  

  

  An 
  apparatus 
  for 
  evaporating 
  the 
  water 
  which 
  is 
  separated 
  from 
  

   the 
  oil 
  and 
  known 
  as 
  ''stick 
  water" 
  has 
  recently 
  been 
  installed 
  in 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  factories. 
  It 
  is 
  an 
  oval-shaped 
  iron 
  shell 
  standing 
  8 
  feet 
  

   high, 
  4^ 
  feet 
  wide, 
  and 
  18 
  feet 
  over 
  all. 
  The 
  working 
  part 
  consists 
  

   of 
  a 
  cylinder 
  of 
  96 
  tubes, 
  held 
  in 
  place 
  by 
  bearings 
  at 
  each 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  

   casing 
  and 
  made 
  to 
  revolve 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  gearing 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  ends 
  of 
  

   the 
  hollow 
  shaft. 
  Steam 
  is 
  introduced 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  rotating 
  tube 
  

   shaft 
  and 
  the 
  condensed 
  water 
  is 
  drawn 
  off 
  at 
  the 
  opposite 
  end. 
  

   The 
  construction 
  of 
  the 
  drainage 
  from 
  the 
  steam 
  tubes 
  is 
  such 
  as 
  to 
  

   prevent 
  the 
  water 
  collecting 
  in 
  any 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  steam 
  drum 
  or 
  tubes. 
  

   The 
  material 
  to 
  be 
  evaporated 
  is 
  let 
  in 
  through 
  an 
  opening 
  at 
  the 
  

   bottom 
  of 
  the 
  machine, 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  end 
  the 
  steam 
  enters, 
  and 
  the 
  

   finished 
  product 
  is 
  drawn 
  off 
  through 
  an 
  opening 
  in 
  the 
  opposite 
  end. 
  

   The 
  vapor 
  arising 
  from 
  the 
  material 
  is 
  drawn 
  off 
  by 
  a 
  vacuum 
  pump 
  

   attached 
  by 
  pipe 
  to 
  an 
  opening 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  machine. 
  One 
  

   20-horsepower 
  pump 
  is 
  sufficient 
  for 
  two 
  evaporating 
  machines. 
  

   Exhaust 
  steam 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  to 
  do 
  the 
  evaporating 
  with 
  this 
  machine 
  

   to 
  a 
  decided 
  advantage, 
  as 
  it 
  will 
  do 
  the 
  work 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  low-pressure 
  

   live 
  steam. 
  The 
  residue 
  or 
  ''stick" 
  will 
  average 
  about 
  9 
  per 
  cent 
  

   ammonia; 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  brownish, 
  sticky 
  substance 
  and 
  can 
  be 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  

   fertilizer 
  when 
  niixed 
  with 
  other 
  fertifizer 
  materials. 
  The 
  writer 
  

   saw 
  some 
  at 
  the 
  plant 
  referred 
  to 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  niixed 
  with 
  fish 
  

   scrap 
  — 
  1 
  pail 
  of 
  stick 
  to 
  4 
  pails 
  of 
  acidulated 
  scrap 
  and 
  another 
  

   mixture 
  of 
  1 
  pail 
  of 
  stick 
  to 
  3 
  pails 
  of 
  scrap. 
  It 
  seemed 
  to 
  be 
  well 
  

   mixed 
  and 
  was 
  not 
  "gummy," 
  though 
  it 
  would 
  probably 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  

   dried 
  before 
  it 
  could 
  be 
  placed 
  on 
  the 
  market. 
  The 
  analysis 
  of 
  

   "stick" 
  is: 
  Moisture, 
  15.99; 
  grease, 
  0.16; 
  ammonia, 
  9.24. 
  This 
  

   machine 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  at 
  reduction 
  plants 
  with 
  success, 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  

   seem 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  menhaden 
  plants 
  might 
  use 
  it 
  to 
  ad- 
  

   vantage. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  a 
  machine 
  is 
  approximately 
  S4,000. 
  

  

  