Fauna and Flora of New Zealand. 99 



allied to Ocydromus. There is one species of lizard on Pitt's 

 Island, identical, I believe, with the common Mocoa zeJandlca. 

 Also a slug (Janella bitentaculatd) and a land-shell (Tkalassia 

 neozelanica), both of which are common in New Zealand. 

 The flora has been tabulated by Mr. Buchanan in Trans. 

 N. Z. Inst. vol. vii. From this list I find that sixty-seven 

 species of flowering plants are known, of which twelve, or 18 

 per cent., are endemic. There is also one endemic genus. 



Now, when we remember that no lizards or land-shells have 

 passed between Tasmania and New Zealand, and that very 

 few plants are common to the two, although the distance is 

 not much more than twice that of the Chatham Islands, it 

 becomes evident that our connexion with these islands must 

 at one time have been much closer than it is now ; and the 

 presence of the flightless rail and the slug point strongly to 

 an absolute connexion between the two lands. This is again 

 confirmed by the occurrence of the migratory cuckoo ; for, as 

 Mr. Darwin has pointed out, there are no migratory birds on 

 true oceanic islands, that is on islands which have never formed 

 part of the main land *. 



The Antipodes Islands. — Distant from New Zealand 450 

 miles. They appear to be entirely volcanic, and attain an 

 elevation of 700 feet. The only land-bird known is a paro- 

 quet, and the only plant known is Phormium tenax. • 



Auckland Islands. — Distant from New Zealand 240 miles. 

 According to Dr. Hector these islands are composed of granite, 

 with Tertiary sandstones, lignite, and volcanic rocks f. They 

 rise to 2000 feet above the sea. The land-birds are Harpa 

 novce zealandue, Antliornis melanura, Myiomoira macro- 

 cephala, Myioscopus albifrons, Autkus novai zealandite, Platy- 

 cercus novos zealandia?, var. aucklandicus, P. aurtceps, and a 

 rail said to be identical with R. brackipus of Tasmania. There 

 is also a flightless duck (Nesonetta aacldandica) , belonging 

 to an endemic genus, and a species of Mergus. There is a 

 slug (Janella bitentaculata), and three species of land-shells 

 (Patula unguiculus } Ampliidoxa zebra, and Tkalassia neo- 

 zelanica, var. antipoda and var. aucklandica) . All but the last 

 variety occur in New Zealand. 



Campbell Island. — Distant from New Zealand 420 miles. 

 According to Dr. Hector, the rocks are blue slate and sand- 

 stone, like our Lower Mesozoic beds, as well as chalk with 

 flints, and volcanic rocksj. Dr. H. Filhol, however, does not 

 mention any sedimentary rocks except limestone. Its highest 



* Appendix to Mr. Romanes's ' Mental Evolution in Animals,' p. 359, 

 footnote. 



t Trans. N. Z. Inst. ii. p. 179. \ Ibid. p. 17*5. 



