On Sponges from South Australia. 107 



tion from New Zealand has, I think, been small. Probably 

 no land existed in the Antarctic Pacific to convey plants and 

 animals from New Zealand to South America, and a northern 

 migration of New- Zealand plants is almost out of the question. 

 A few stragglers may have been carried by birds to Tasmania 

 or to temperate Australia, bnt that perhaps is all that can be 

 allowed. Our fauna and flora is indeed a standing protest 

 against the views of those naturalists who would make the 

 winds scatter abroad insects and seeds of plants over hundreds 

 of miles, and who imagine land-shells and lizards to float 

 about on logs for days and weeks together without being 

 killed. 



Notes to Part I. 



1. Mr. Etheridge, as mentioned in the text, was the first to suggest 

 that the Desert Sandstone of Australia was a lacustrine deposit; but it 

 was a mere suggestion. Prof. Ralph Tate arrived at the same conclu- 

 sion quite independently, and brought forward facts to support it. (See 

 Anniversary Address, Roy. Soc. of South Australia, for 1878-79, p. lx.) 



2. At the meeting of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, held 

 on 80th July, 1884, Mr. Ratte exhibited fossils of the genera Rostellaria, 

 Fusus, Pleurotomaria(?), Belemnites, Venus, and. Nautilus, from the in- 

 terior of New Caledonia, together with a fragment of bone. He observed 

 that the.se i'ossils were characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous period, and 

 were likely to identify these New-Caledonia beds with some already 

 known in New Zealand. He also exhibited an Inoceramus from the 

 Neocomiau of Noumea. 



3. Before this Address was delivered, Mr. A. Agassiz had come to the 

 conclusion that the specialization of the Atlantic and Iudo-Pacific faunas 

 began soon after the end of the Cretaceous period. (Report on the 

 ' Blake ' Echini, part i. p. 83, September 1883.) 



4. Since this Address was in type I have come across an article in 

 the 'Geological Magazine' for 1882, by Mr. J. S. Gardner, in which 

 several of the views maintained in my two Addresses are enunciated. 



X. — Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of 

 Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. By H. J. Carter, 

 F.R.S. &c. 



[Plate IV.] 



Having through the kindness of Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson, 

 M.A., F.L.S., of the Church of England Grammar School, 

 Geelong, Col. Victoria, received a great number of spirit- 

 preserved and dry specimens of Sponges which have been 

 forwarded simply in the hope that they might afford material 

 for the advancement of our knowledge of this branch of 

 Natural History, I propose in return to carry out his views 

 in this respect to the best of my ability, and thus shall com- 

 mence with the following descriptions. ■ 



