18 FISH PONDS ON FARMS, 
the upper Mississippi Valley, with extreme range edist to New Jersey 
and south to Texas. It very much resembles the crappie, but is 
hardier in every respect and better adapted to pond culture. It may 
be distinguished from the crappie by the presence of 7 or 8 spines in 
the dorsal fin, where the crappie has but 5 or 6. It will thrive in com- 
pany with any of the pond species that are suited to relatively high 
temperatures. 
Rock sass (Ambloplites rupestris).—Colloquially termed red-eye 
and goggle-eye. This species is found in lakes and streams from 
New England to Manitoba and south to Louisiana and Texas, being 
particularly abundant in the cooler lakes and streams of the upper 
Mississippi Valley. It inhabits by choice only clear, cool waters, and 
is therefore less thrifty in its southern range. The rock bass has 
been known to attain a weight of 14 pounds and a length of 12 inclies, 
but the average specimen probably does not exceed a weight of one- 
half pound or a length of 7 inches. Fish of this species are well 
suited for introduction into spring-fed ponds with the smallmouth 
black bass. ! 
Warmoourtu Bass (Chenobrytius gulosus) —Is often confused with 
the rock bass. It has very much the same range and similar general 
characteristics, but is better adapted to waters of a high temperature, 
and is therefore most abundant in the South. The two species may 
be distinguished by the three oblique dark stripes radiating backward 
from the eye in the warmouth bass and by the rather indistinct ver- 
tical stripes on the body of the rock bass. The warmouth bass may 
be propagated in conjunction with the largemouth black bass or in 
small ponds with the crappie and sunfish. 
Sunrisu (Lepomis incisor).—Locally termed bluegill, blue sun- 
fish, copper-nosed bream, dollardee, and blue bream. Of the many 
species of sunfishes distributed throughout the United States east of 
the Rocky Mountains, this is the only one that can be recommended 
by the Bureau of Fisheries as worthy of artificial propagation, and 
it is believed to be the finest pond fish available for private culture. 
It is adapted to practically all conditions, is prolific, and of unsur- 
passed table qualiti xs. The largest specimens will measure from 12 
to 14 inches in length and attain a weight of nearly a pound. The 
bluegill may be propagated in connection with any of the other 
species listed ‘above. 
Catrish (Ameiurus nebulosus)—Locally known as _ bullhead, 
horned pout, Schuylkill cat, small yellow cat, and the sub- 
species Ameiurus nebulosus marmoratus, ot aot in the South 
as marble ¢at. This is the only member of the catfish family 
that has so far been propagated in ponds. It is distinct from 
the genus /ctalurus, which embraces the larger catfishes—blue cat, 
channel cat, forked-tail cat, and spotted cat. Many attempts have 
