52, PACIFIC COD FISHERIES. 
line with buoy attached would first be dropped overboard, then the 
ground line would be paid out in such direction as had been agreed 
upon with the other fishermen, aiter which the other anchor-and buoy 
line would be set. The ground line was left sufficiently slack that it 
could be hauled to the surface without disturbing the anchor, but not 
slack enough to permit of the line snarling. In fishing it the fisher- 
man would go to the leeward buoy, haul up the bight of the line 
until it lay across the bow of his dory, then by hauling on this 
line would pull the dory against the tide in the direction of the other 
anchor, the line passing across the bow of the dory so that the hocks 
which came in one side were freed from fish and rebaited and thrown 
over on the other side of the dory until the trawl had been com- 
pletely underrun or the dory filled with fish, when the line would be 
thrown off again and the trawl left set as before. The ground line of 
these trawls was 9-thread manila, while the buoy lines were of 
6-thread manila, commonly known as “dory rode.” The gangings 
were of 6-pound lines, i. e., 12 lines of 25 fathoms each weighed 6 
pounds. They were 22 inches in length and were attached to the 
ground line at intervals of 3 feet. The number of hooks used varied 
from 500 to something more than 1,000, according to the number of 
tubs set. 
During the season of 1913 the small power schooner Union Jack, 
which had its headquarters at the Pirate Cove station of the Union 
Fish Co., engaged in trawling on the inshore banks of the Shumagin 
Islands, mainly in West Nagai Strait. 
As it was the intention later in the season to use the Union Jack 
in gill-net fishing for cod from the deck of the vessel by means of 
a net lifter (described elsewhere in this report), the machine was 
placed on board at the beginning of the season with the hope that it 
could be used in hauling trawl lines. 
The process of tarring seemed to weaken the lines. Untarred lines 
were used for renewals and were found to be much stronger and 
more durable. 
Both 32 and 20 pound cotton tarred lines were used for ground 
line, while the gangings were of 6-pound tarred lines. Experiment 
developed the fact that 20-pound lines were amply heavy and strong 
enough for the work and that untarred cotton lines were more 
durable and stronger than tarred lines, the tarring seeming to 
weaken the line. In the last experiments the gangings were each 
about 5 feet long and were attached about 6 feet apart, this being 
necessary owing to the high freeboard of the vessel. 
Only a couple of skates of gear were rigged for experimental use 
with the machine. After being baited these skates were coiled on 
movable plank platforms about 5 feet long by 24 feet wide. Placing 
one of these at the stern of the vessel, an experienced man could pay 
