EXPLORATIONS, WESTERN ATLANTIC, STEAMER BACHE, 1914. 47 
10161) the water was much warmer and salter in the upper layers 
(maximum temperature 21.5°, salinity about 36.45°/,,), with a 
steady decline with depth, the temperature at 1,800 meters being 
practically the same as at station 10158. Unfortunately, no water 
sample was taken at that level. The density (corrected for pressure 
by Ekman’s tables of 1910) was lowest at the surface at all these 
stations, greatest at the bottom (p. 60). 
The general temperature profile (fig. 11) shows that at this time 
the coast water over the shelf and on the continental slope was much 
colder than the oceanic water farther east at corresponding depths, 
the transition from one to the other being so sudden that the tem- 
Salinity; %o 
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RR ae 
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Fie. 48.—Salinity sections off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay; stations 10158, 10160, 10161. 
perature curves dip very steeply from land to sea, a typical ‘‘cold 
wall.’ For example, the 5° curve rises from about 1,000 meters at 
station 10161 to about 500 meters on the slope in a horizontal dis- 
tance of 100 miles, and the uniform bottom water of the abyss (4°, 
and about 35°/,,) from about 1,800 meters over the oceanic basin 
to about 1,200 meters on the slope in the same distance. But the 
cold coast water (about 6°) was not continuous with the cold water 
of the abyss, being separated from it by a band of warmer water 
(9°-10°) washing the bottom at the 200-meter level, and the curves 
suggest that the bottom water was even warmer (10°-11°) at about 
250 meters. 
