Ml". F. Bernal on the so-called Mud Volcanos of Turbaco. 475 



marks that there are other cornstones, namely those of Wall-hills 

 near Ledbury, of Foxley, Whitfield, &c., which are at least 3000 feet 

 above the Downton Sandstone. He also remarks that, as the word 

 "Tilestones" is inapplicable to the Ledbury rocks, he quite agrees 

 with Sir R. Murchison in replacing it by the term " Passage-beds " 



2. " On the so-called Mud-volcanos of Turbaco, near Cartha- 

 gena." By F. Bernal, Esq. In a letter to Sir R. L Murchison, 

 F.G.S. 



Turbaco is a village, about fifteen miles from Carthagena, at an ele- 

 vation of about 980 feet above the sea. At a distance of about three 

 miles from the village, and at a rather higher elevation, in the midst 

 of a forest, are some twenty or thirty conical hillocks, about 8 or 

 10 feet high, each with its little crater or orifice, about 2 feet in 

 diameter. These are filled with a muddy water ; and every two 

 or three minutes a slight noise is heard, a bubbling-up of air or gas 

 takes place, the muddy fluid runs over, and forms into cakes of blue 

 clay. The water is quite cool, nor is there any present or anterior 

 marks or vestiges of the action of fire or heat. 



3. " On the Coal-formation at Auckland, New Zealand." By 

 Henry Weekes, Esq. 



The district is formed of stratified Sandy Clays, of tertiary age ; 

 they vary in colour from white to light-red. The white clays con- 

 tain beds of lignite, varying from a few inches to several feet in 

 thickness. Sections of these beds are exposed along the banks of 

 most of the tidal inlets with which the district abounds. In some 

 places, near the hills, the lignite is seen to rest on trap-rock; else- 

 where a shelly gravel underlies it. 



At Campbell's farm a whitish sandstone lies on the lignite, and at 

 the junction is hardened, and contain ironstone-nodules ; these, when 

 broken, yield remains of exogenous plants. A fossil resin is found 

 abundantly in the lignite. On Farmer's land the lignite is 16 feet 

 thick, including a little shale ; at Campbell's it is 7 thick, but thins 

 away. There is some iron-pyrites in the lignite, but not sufficient to 

 deteriorate its value as a coal. Similar coal has been found at Muddy 

 Creek to the N.W. ; at Mokau, about 100 miles to the south; and 

 near New Plymouth. 



The Auckland tertiary beds are everywhere broken through by 

 extinct volcanos, varying from 200 to 800 feet in height. The craters 

 are generally scoriaceous, in a perfect condition, with a depression 

 of the rim usually to the north or east. There are also around the 

 district other volcanic hills, rounded, scoriaceous, more fertile than 

 the crateriform hills, and apparently of an older date. 



4. " On the Geology of the South-east part of Vancouver's Is- 

 land." By Hilary Bauerman, Esq. 



The author destubcd, first, the metamorphic rocks which are 

 everywliere seen in the neighbourhood of Esquimalt and Victoria ; 

 principally dark-green sandstones and shales, passing insensibly into 

 terpentine, chlurite-schist, mica-slate, and gneiss. At some places 

 unfossiliferous crystalline limestones are associated with them. Dykes 

 of greenstone, syenite, porphyries, and trap-rocks frequently pene- 



