Mr. Candy on a Physiological Alphabet. 151 



The open mouth, affording an uninterrupted, unimpeded passage 

 to the breath, is represented by two horizontal straight lines ( ). 



The sudden, complete, closing of the lips, which gives the sound 

 of the letter P, is represented by drawing a line joining these two on 

 the left ( |~ ) ; the mouth looking in the same direction as the 

 Queen's head on the coins and stamps. 



All the letters in the first column of the Table have a line on the 

 left, and are therefore labials. 



The second column, having a line inclining to the left, are dentals. 



The third column have a vertical line in the centre of the mouth, 

 and are the Unguals. 



The fourth column incline to the right, and are the palato-linguals 

 or weakened linguals. 



The fifth column, with a line curving over to the right, are the 

 Sanscrit cerebrals, in which the tongue is curled up, so that the 

 lower side of it comes against the roof of the mouth. 



The sixth column, in which the line leans from the right to the 

 centre, are the palatals. 



The seventh column, with a vertical line on the right, are the gut- 

 turals, at the back of the mouth. 



The eighth column, with a line on the right, leaning to the right, 

 are the faucals, still further back than the gutturals. 



The first row of letters in the Table, with a thin line from top to 

 bottom, are the mute explodents, in which there is a sudden and 

 complete stoppage of the breath. 



The second row, with a thick line, are the corresponding sonant 

 explodents. 



The third row, in which there is an interval between the top line 

 and the connecting line, are the whispered continuants, in which 

 there is a passage of breath, jjroducing a hissing. 



The fourth row, with a short thick line, are the corresponding 

 voiced continuants, or buzzes. 



The fifth row contains additional hissing letters, and the sixth 

 row corresponding additional buzzing ones. 



In the letters of the seventh row, there is represented an opening 

 upwards at the back of the mouth, leading into the nose. These, 

 therefore, are the nasal letters. 



The double curl in the eighth and ninth rows indicates a vibration 

 of both sides of the tongue, while the tip is fixed. This is the case 

 in L, which is represented in Sanscrit by a similar form. The eighth 

 row, with thin lines, are the whispered Ls. 



The tenth and eleventh rows, with a single curl, are the Rs or 

 trills. The curl indicates vibration. 



The twelfth row are the CafFre clicks. The short line darting out 

 from an angle, shows that the tongue is placed in a certain position, 

 and then suddenly jerked away. 



The thirteenth row are the breathings. 



The dots and accents ( " '^) in the last row are the vowel-points. 



The last figure shows the applicability of tliis alphabet to mono- 

 grams, being a combination of F, DZh=J, and K=C, the initials 

 of the inventor, F. J. Candy. 



