334 Geological Society : — 



A mass of brick-earth, 10 feet by 8, forms a core to the ferruginous 

 clay in the furrow. It is to be remarked that the sand-bed is here 

 about 100 feet above the sea-level ; and also that it is intersected by a 

 deep dell. The angular flint-gravel, underlaid by the sands, stretches 

 across Slindnn Common, and occurs at Broxgrove Common, and 

 at intervals towards Goodwood. At Waterbeach, adjoining Good- 

 wood, a sand-pit shows, in descending order, 1. ferruginous clay, 

 full of angular flints, two to six feet ; 2. chalk-rubble, about nine 

 feet thick, containing small angular flints, and with a furrowed sur- 

 face ; 3. fine ash-coloured sand, slightly micaceous, with thin seams 

 of concretionary sandstone, some few boulders of chalk, and friable 

 shells. 



The shingle-bed, seen at Avisford, is here replaced by chalk- 

 rubble, like that overlying the old beach at Brighton ; but no shells 

 nor bones were found. Shells of the common Mytilus and the 

 edible Cardium are found in the sand, but they are usually very fri- 

 able ; and in the holes made by Pholades on the large lumps of hard 

 white chalk occurring in this sand, specimens of Purpura lapillus 

 occur, whilst small Balani are attached to the surfaces of these chalk- 

 boulders. A specimen oi Echinocyamus pusillus was also met with. 

 This sand-deposit, which the author believes to be identical with 

 the old Brighton beach, he traces also westward of Goodwood to 

 near Lavant and probably to Bourne Common. 



2. " On the Sedimentary and other External Relations of the 

 Palaeozoic Fossils of the State of New York." By J. J. Bigsby, 

 M.D., F.G.S. 



The objects proposed in this inquiry were — to give more pre- 

 cision to facts as yet imperfectly ascertained, to discover new 

 materials for the history of these earliest times, and to treat of 

 new points of connexion between the Palreozoic Basins of New 

 York and Wales. The first part of this memoir commenced with a 

 few observations on the agencies by which the palseozoic sediments 

 or sea-bottoms were laid down, namely, 1st the constant and super- 

 ficial, or Neptunian, and 2nd the modifying or occasional and sub- 

 terranean (Plutonic) ; and then proceeded to describe their mineral 

 character. In the second part, the distribution and immediate 

 relations of palaeozoic animal life in the State of New York were 

 considered ; and in the third part the recurrence or vertical range 

 of fossils was treated of in detail. Lastly, the results arrived at by 

 the author were given as reflections presenting themselves on a 

 survey of the ancient and vastly prolonged processes that laid down 

 the palaeozoic strata of New York. The unity of design and pre- 

 determination of the complete idea manifest in these geological 

 phaenomena, — the evidences of direct creation and of occasional 

 migrations, — the conditions of contemporaneity, — the relations of 

 geographic and epochal centres of life, — the laws of recurrence of 

 animal forms, or their reappearance in new epochs, and of the dis- 

 appearance of faunae, — and lastly the points of similarity and of 

 dissimilarity between the palaeozoic rocks of Wales and New York 

 ■#61:6, ill the concluding portion of the memoir, fully dwelt upon. 



I 



