Arppe on the Compounds of Malic Acid. 201 



no fibrine or sugar, but a considerable quantity of albumen. 

 The ash was composed of phosphoric acid, lime and the alkalies, 

 with traces of chlorine and oxide of iron. The secretion was 

 found to be the same in the foetus of six and of twenty weeks' 

 age. The nourishment of the foetus is far poorer in respiratory 

 elements than the nourishment of the new-born animal, but on 

 the other hand, it is richer in plastic elements. 



The stomach of the foetus was found to contain a liquid con- 

 sisting mostly of liquid mucous matter (Scherer), but in which was 

 no albumen, while the amniotic liquid contained much albumen. 

 The stomach of the foetus has the property of turning milk sour. 



The same chemist instituted experiments as to whether milk 

 becomes sour by remaining a length of time in the lacteal glands. 

 The experiments were made on a woman, and on a cow. He 

 found that in a normal state of health it did not become sour, 

 even on standing several days. 



Wohler found that picric acid, treated with protoxide of iron, 

 gave a new acid which he named nitrohcematic acid. Pugh has 

 found that this acid is identical with picramic acid, produced by 

 the action of sulphuretted hydrogen on picric acid. 



De Luna made some experiments on the possibility of substi- 

 tutmg for sulphuric acid some of its compounds, in cases where 

 they are to be had cheap. He found this to be the case with 

 the sulphate of magnesia which occurs in the province of Toledo. 

 By heating this body with common salt, hydrochloric acid is 

 evolved, and a residue left, consisting of magnesia and sulphate 

 of soda. From this residue a sulphate of soda of greater purity 

 than the commercial salt is easily prepared. In the above pro- 

 cess, by adding manganese, chlorine may be obtained. 



Similarlj^, nitric acid is formed on heating sulphate of mag- 

 nesia and nitrate of soda or potash. 



In connexion with his investigations on the anilide compounds 

 of tartaric and pyrotartaric acids, Arppe has examined the cor- 

 responding compounds of malic acid. By heating a mixture of 

 2 equivs. of aniline and 3 equivs. of malic acid, two bodies are 

 formed. The first, malanilide, contains the elements of 1 equiv. 

 aniline and 1 equiv. malic acid minus 2 equiv. water = C'2 IFN 

 + C^ H3 05-OHO = C'«H8N03. The second contains the ele- 

 ments of 1 equiv. aniline and 2 equivs. acid minus -i equivs. 

 water=C>2H7N + C8H<'O'0-4HO = C20H9NO«. 



To separate these, the brown mass resulting from the de- 

 composition was treated with water, which dissolved out the 

 malanile. The residue, which is malanilide, after solution in 

 hot alcohol and purification with animal charcoal, crystallizes 



Phil, Mag. S. 4. Vol. 11. No. 71. March 185C. P 



