293 Royal Society : — 



internal organs, the head, the feet, and, in the case of oxen and 

 sheep, the pelt and hair or wool. 



3rd. The entire animal (fasted live-weight). 



Referring first to the composition of the " collective carcass 

 parts," it appeared, comparing one animal with another, that there 

 IS a general disposition to a rise or fall in the per-centage of mineral 

 mattery with the rise or fall in that of the nitrogenous compounds. 

 In fact, all the resnlts tended to show a prominent connexion be- 

 tween the amount of the mineral matters and that of the nitrogenous 

 constituents of the body. 



Comparing the relative proportions of fat, and nitrogenous com- 

 potmds, m the respective " carcasses," it appeared that, in every 

 instance excepting that of the calf, there was considerably more of 

 dry fat than of dry nitrogenous compounds. In the carcass of even 

 the store or lean sheep, there was more than l^ times as much 

 fat as nitrogenous substance ; and in that of the store or lean pig, 

 twice as much. In the carcass of the half-fat ox, there was one- 

 fourth more fat than nitrogenous matter ; and in that of the half- 

 fat sheep, more than twice as much. 



Of the fatter animals, the carcass of the fat ox contained 21 

 times, that of the fat sheep 4 times, and that of the very fat 

 sheep 6 times as much fat as nitrogenous substance. Lastly, in 

 the carcass of the moderately fat pig, there was nearly 5 times as 

 much fatty matter as nitrogenous compounds. 



From these facts it may be concluded, that in carcasses of oxen in 

 reputed good condition, there will seldom be less than twice as 

 much, and frequently nearly 3 times as much dry fat as dry nitrogenous 

 substance. It may be presumed, that in the carcasses of sheep 

 the fat will generally amount to more than 3, and frequently to 4 

 (or even more) times as much as the nitrogenous matters ; and finallj', 

 that in the carcasses of pigs killed for fresh pork, there will seldom 

 be as little as 4, and in those fed for curing more than 4 times as 

 much fat as nitrogenous compounds. 



The /at of the bones constituted but a small proportion of that of 

 the entire carcasses ; whilst the nitrogen of the bones .amounted to 

 a considerable proportion of the whole. 



It appeared, that whilst the per-centage (in the carcasses) of both 

 mineral and nitrogenous matters decreased as the animals matured, 

 that of the fat very considerably increased. The increase in the 

 per-centage of fat was much more than equivalent to the collective 

 decrease in that of the other solid matters, — that is to say, as the 

 animal matures, the per-centage in its carcass, of total dry substance 

 — and especially of fat — much increases. 



The carcass of the calf contained 62^ per cent., that of the lean 

 sheep 57^rd per cent., that of the lean pig 55|^rd, and that of the 

 half-fat ox 54 per cent, of water. In the carcass of the fat ox 

 there were 451 per cent., in that of the fat lamb 48frds per cent., 

 in that of the half- fat old sheep 49frds per cent., in that of the 

 fat sheep 39frds per cent., in that of the very fat sheep only 33 

 per cent., and in that of the moderately fattened pig only 38|^ per 



