the motion of Liquids through short Efflux Tubes. 191 



meters, the only effect of causing the efflux to take place in water 

 seemed to be a slight depression of tone, amounting to about 

 half a semitone, which circumstance may be easily explained when 

 we consider the greater resistance of the medium which the jet 

 has to penetrate. 



On repeating the experiments with efflux tubes whose dia- 

 meters exceeded their heights, it often happened that different 

 results were obtained. At such times a depression and elevation 

 of the tone through an entire octave often occur. Hence it 

 would appear that the threads of liquid no longer possess that 

 stability in direction and velocity which was observed with longer 

 efflux tubes. On this account the only conclusion drawn by 

 Savart from this series of experiments is, that when the efflux 

 takes place in the same medium, a state of sonorous vibration 

 may exist for all orifices, from those in thin plates to those 

 whose height does not exceed double their diameter. 



4. Influence of the diameter of the Reservoir Tube. 



In order to study the influence of the reservoir tube, only one 

 efflux tube was used; its height and diameter were equal to 2"25 

 millims., audit was successively adapted to four glass tubesof differ- 

 ent diameters. The experiments proved that the diameter of the 

 tube had an influence on the number of ventral segments, which 

 increased as the diameter of the tube was augmented, or as the 

 vessel emptied itself more slowly. 



Experiments were next made by fixing glass tubes, to which 

 efflux tubes had been previously adapted, to a vessel of much 

 larger diameter, in which the level of the liquid could either be 

 kept constant or not, as required. In doing so, a glass tube was 

 taken, provided with a certain efflux tube, and the positions of 

 maximum intensity were determined. The tube was then cut 

 of such a length, that when it was afterwards adapted perjiendi- 

 cularly to the bottom of a larger vessel, the charge corresponded 

 to one of those which gave a maximum intensity. It was thus 

 found that the tone was the same as the one corresponding to a 

 like charge when a simple tube was employed; it acquired, 

 however, a remarkable force when the level of the liquid was 

 kept constant. 



The experiments which verified the above remarks were made 

 with efflux tubes 2*15 millims. and 5'4 millims. in diameter. 

 With the former, the glass tubes were 62 ccntims. long, and 

 varied in diameter from 17 to G3 millims.; these were fixed to 

 the bottom of a wooden trough whose height was 50 centims., 

 upper diameter 4G"5 centims., and lower diameter 38 centims. 

 The efflux tube, whose diameter was 5'4 millims., was adapted 

 to a glass tube 0-05 metre in diameter and 1'23 metre in 



