78 Intelligence (ind Miscellaneous Articles. 



10. The mixture of equal portions of fatty acids differing by 

 C + H 4 , solidifies in large laminar crystals (like anthropic acid). 



11. Mixtures of 20 to 30 parts C 4n H 4n 4 with 80 to 70 parts 

 Cj,n +1 ' H 4 f n + 1) 4 , crystallize in extremely fine needles. 



1 2. Mixtures of 60 parts C 4n H 4n O 4 with 40 parts C 4 < n+2 ' H 4 ( n+2 ' O 4 , 

 solidify in large laminar crystals (like anthropic acid). 



Heiutz has also found that when, to a mixture of two acids dif- 

 fering by C 4 H 4 , a small quantity of one containing a larger amount 

 of carbon, and consequently more difficult of fusion, is added, the 

 melting-point becomes still lower by several degrees. For instance, 

 if about 3 to 4 parts of stearic acid, which melts at 124 '36 F., be 

 added to the mixture, fusing at 115°"16 F., of palmitic acid (which 

 fuses at 143°-6 F.) and myristic acid (which melts at 128°84 F.), 

 the mixture obtained fuses at 110 o, 84 F. Such mixtures of these 

 fatty acids consequently behave very like the readily fusible metallic 

 mixtures, which also consist of three metals (lead, tin and bismuth). 

 — Bericht tier Akad. der JViss. zu Berlin, 1 854, p. 207. 



ON PHILLYRINE. BY C. BERTAGNINI. 



In the Annulen der Chemie for October, M. Bertagnini gives a 

 preliminary account of some experiments with Phillyrine, by which 

 he finds it to be a body analogous with salicine. 



The phillyrine is obtained by treating a decoction of the bark of 

 the Phillyria with oxide of lead or lime. After filtration and appro- 

 priate evaporation, the phillyrine separates out in crystalline form. 



It is almost tasteless, and little soluble in cold water, soluble in 

 hot water and alcohol, insoluble in aether; not precipitated from its 

 solutions by salts of the metals. 



On boiling it with dilute hydrochloric acid, a resinous matter 

 separated. The liquid was then neutralized with carbonate of lead, 

 filtered and evaporated : the mass was treated with alcohol, and 

 the alcoholic solution evaporated in the water-bath, when a sweet 

 syrup was obtained, which after some weeks changed into a papillary 

 crystalline mass, with all the properties of grape-sugar. 



Phillyrine was not acted upon by synaptase ; but when submitted 

 to the lactic fermentation, it gave, on the one hand, the usual pro- 

 ducts of the lactic fermentation of sugar, and on the other, the resin- 

 ous substance obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid, but id 

 this case pure. This is Phillygenine. It crystallizes easily, and gives 

 pure white pearly masses. It is not soluble i:> cold, and only slightly 

 so in warm water, but easily soluble in alcohol and aether. By con- 

 centrated sulphuric acid it is coloured red. 



The analyses of phillyrine lead to the formula O 4 H 34 O lJ9 + 3HO. 

 At 100° C. it loses all its water of crystallization. 



Phillygenine, on analysis, gave numbers corresponding with the 

 formula 9 H- 4 O 12 . Since phillyrine gives on decomposition only 

 grape-sugar and phillygenine, its constitution must entirely corre- 



