396 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 3 5 



of the butterfly {mnericus, pi. 13, figs. 76, 77, and sfabilis) have been 

 recorded. The United States National Museum possesses specimens 

 of the first from Arizona and from Texas, and of the second from 

 Texas. 



In California and adjacent States, chiefly at high altitudes, there 

 lives a rather scarce black swallowtail {Papilio indra, pi. 12, figs. 

 63, 64), more or less resembling the preceding. It is divided into 

 a northern {indra, pi. 12, fig. 63) and a southern {pergamus, pi. 12, 

 fig. 64) race. 



Largest of all the butterflies found in the United States is a mag- 

 nificent yellow and brown swallowtail {Papilio thoas, pi. 9, figs. 

 34, 35; pi. 10, figs. 42, 43), common in tropical America but more or 

 less of a visitor with us. One form of this with the yellow very 

 pale {autodes, pi. 9, fig. 35; pi. 10, fig. 43) is known from Texas 

 and from the Everglades in Florida. A second {necdces, pi. 10, 

 fig. 34; pi. 10, fig. 42), much deeper yellow, occurs in Arizona. 



Much like this is the giant swallowtail {Papilio cresphontes, 

 pi. 9, fig. 37) of the eastern States, very common in the South, a 

 handsome, stately butterfly that glides easily along with occasional 

 flaps of its large wings, and when feeding keeps its wings widely 

 spread as if to give the entomologist a treat and at the same time 

 convey a challenge. The caterpillars of this butterfly — known as 

 " orange-dogs " or " orange-puppies " — often do more or less damage 

 to young orange trees. 



Very similar is another kind {Papilio omythion, pi. 9, fig. 36; 

 pi. 10, fig. 44), without any yellow on the tails above, that is found 

 in Texas and is more common farther southward. 



Kjiown only from the vicinity of Miami, Fla., where it is rare, is 

 a local race {ponceana, pi. 9, figs. 38, 39) of another species of the 

 same general type {Papilio aristodemus) found elsewhere on Cuba 

 and on Haiti. This species has also been recorded from Key West, 

 but whether the specimen from Key West represents the Florida 

 {po7iceana) or the Cuban {temenes) form has not been determined. 



Another quite different butterfly of the same group {Papilio 

 andraemon honhotei) occurring in the Bahamas has also been 

 recorded from Miami. 



The common eastern yellow swallowtail {Papilio glaucus^ pi. 8, 

 figs. 30, 31; pi. 9, fig. 40; pi. 10, fig. 41; pi. 12, fig. 65) is well 

 known to everyone in the regions where it lives. Kanging from 

 central Alaska to Hudson Bay and southward to Florida and Texas, 

 it is, in most places, a common butterfly. In the eastern mountains 

 and northward and northwestward it is abundant, usually far out- 

 numbering the other local swallowtails. Male yellow swallowtails 

 are always yellow. In the southernmost portion of the range the 

 females usually are blackish brown, rarely or occasionally yellow. 



