SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES — CLARK 399 



spring (pi. 14, fig. 89) are very small and very hairy, with a mini- 

 mum of black. They keep mostly to the woods and have a fluttering 

 nervous flight. Their children, appearing in the summer (pi. 13, fig. 

 78), are much larger with more black and shorter hair on the head 

 and body. They are likewise less energetic, with a less hurried and 

 more sailing flight, and wander more widely over open country. In 

 late spring or early summer a form intermediate between these two 

 is found. The caterpillars feed on the pawpaw {Asimina triloha) 

 and its relatives, living fully exposed upon the leaves of the food 

 plant. They are solitary, though often numerous, and are especially 

 prone to cannibalism. 



Much like the smallest individuals of the zebra swallowtail is a 

 smaller kind {Papilio celadon, pi. 14, figs. 90, 91) living in Cuba 

 that occasionally is found in southern Florida. 



THE LESS FAMILIAR SWALLOWTAILS 



Though the great majority of the butterflies belonging to the group 

 of swallowtails — that is, to the family Papilionidae — are included in 

 one or other of the three sections of the large genus Papilio, a num- 

 ber of different kinds vary more or less widely from these typical 

 swallowtails. 



These relatives of the typical swallowtails are distributed in 12 

 different genera, mostly very small — in fact, 1 of them have only a 

 single species each, and 2 have only 2. Of these 12 genera one, much 

 the largest, lives in the mountains of Europe, Asia, and western 

 North America, where the species form a conspicuous and attractive 

 element in the alpine scenery. Another is found only in the high- 

 lands of western Mexico. One lives only in southern South America. 

 A fourth lives in New Guinea and in north Australia, a fifth lives in 

 southern Europe and in western Asia, and the rest are confined to 

 Asia, one of them extending into the larger Malayan islands. 



THE DRAGONFLY SWALLOWTAILS 



From northern India and southeastern China to Java, Celebes, 

 and the Philippines this last is found. It is a genus of curious 

 dwarf swallowtails {Lepto circus; pi. 1, fig. 2) which, though essen- 

 tially diminutive kite swallowtails, are more or less like skippers in 

 appearance. There are two kinds of these, each divided into several 

 different races. They have transparent, black-lined wings showing a 

 stripe of white or greenish white, and the silver-edged tails of the 

 hind wings are very long. An example of Leptocircus tneges which 

 I have before me measures 1% inches in maximum expanse, and the 

 hind wings with the tails have a length of 1% inches. 



In most places in the regions they inhabit these little butterflies 

 are very common. They are found in the vicinity of water, settling 



