464 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 3 5 



old cultures about Bering Strait, on St. Lawrence Island, on the 

 lower east coast of Bering Sea, and on Kodiak Island. 



Thus, what until recently has been but a trail of theories through 

 a jungle of possibilities is gradually becoming a broad road paved 

 with substantial facts and determinations. The work is far from 

 being finished, but it will not be long before the main questions at 

 issue will have been answered. It may be well to state at once, 

 however, that the evidence will not be of a simple nature, for wher- 

 ever it has been possible to approach matters more closely they have 

 invariably grown in complexity. Furthermore, it is also becoming 

 plain that much of the desired direct evidence on human movements 

 in the far North w^ill probably never be uncovered. 



Before discussing the results, it may be helpful, with the aid of the 

 accompanying map, to give a few details about the explorations on 

 which they are based. 



They are to date briefly as follows : 



1926. Survey of the middle aud lower Yukon River, upper Bering Sea, and the 

 coasts to Point Barrow, by A. Hrdlicka. 



1927. Continuation of the work along the west coast from Bristol Bay to the 

 Yukon, with particular attention to Nunivak Island, by Henry B. Collins, Jr., and 

 T. Dale Stewart. 



1928. Excavations on the Punuk and St. Lawrence Islands, with collecting 

 along the Seward Peninsula, by Collins. 



1929. Anthropometric and archeological work along 1,500 miles of the Yukon, 

 by Hrdlicka, aided by J. IMaly. Excavations at St. Lawrence Island, Point 

 Hope, and other places, by Collins. 



1930. Anthropometric and archeological work along the Kuskokwim, by 

 Hrdlif-ka. Excavations at St. Lawrence Island, by Collins. 



1931. Anthropometry and archeology of the Nushagak River and its tribu- 

 taries, of the proximate parts of the Alaskan Peninsula, and on Kodiak Island, 

 by Hrdlicka. Archeological work in the upper Bering Sea and the Arctic, by 

 J. A. Ford and M. B. Chambers. 



1932. Excavations on Kodiak Island, archeological survey of the island, anthro- 

 pometric study of the few surviving full bloods, by Hrdlicka. 



1934. Excavations on Kodiak Island, survey of parts of Cook Inlet and north- 

 ern coast of Shelikov Strait, by Hrdlicka. 



1935. Excavations on Kodiak Island, survey of Takli Island, by Hrdlicka. 



The preliminary accounts of the work were published in the Smith- 

 sonian exploration pamphlets for the respective years. More com- 

 plete reports are the writer's Anthropological Survey of Alaska (46th 

 Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. EthnoL, 1930) and Collins' Prehistoric Art 

 of the Alaskan Eskimo (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 81, no. 14, 

 1929), with his Archeology of the Bering Sea Region (Smithsonian 

 Rep. for 1933). The main parts of the collections and data are still 

 under elaboration, and many years must elapse before the results can 

 be fully given. But the essentials which these researches elucidate 

 have already assumed a more or less substantial form, and they may 

 briefly be summarized as follows: 



