518 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 3 5 



Pueblo I, characterized by transitions in house types, variety of structures. 

 In the north central section of the province, the portion traversed by the 

 San Juan and its tributaries, the crude, single-roomed semisubterranean 

 dwellings (pi. 1, fig. 1) gave way to structures which had only slightly de- 

 pressed floors instead of pits. Major portion of house was above ground. Had 

 several contiguous rooms. Pole and plaster form of construction, jacal walls, 

 prevailed at first but was replaced in time by masonry (pi. 1, fig. 2). Pit 

 domiciles continued in use in peripheral districts, especially in the south and 

 west. Pits were dug deeper, however, and entrance to chambers was by means 

 of a ladder through the smoke hole. In a few precincts the side entrance 

 survived. Where entrance was through the roof the former side passage was 

 retained in reduced size as a ventilator. Above ground villages retained a 

 subterranean structure as a ceremonial house, the kiva.'^ 



Pueblo II, unit-type structures or one-clan houses. These dwellings of stone 

 or adobe, built entirely above ground, contained from 6 to 14 rooms (pi. 2). 

 They were a single story in height with rooms grouped in one long row, a double 

 tier, an L-shape or in the form of a rectangular U. Usually at the south or 

 southeast side, detached from the building, was a subterranean ceremonial 

 chamber." In peripheral parts of the area this type of dwelling did not reach 

 as high a degree of excellence. Pole and mud houses and irregular agglomera- 

 tions of rooms whose walls were formed from large quantities of adobe 

 mud and unworked boulders prevailed in the south and west. In the Flagstaff 

 district rectangular pit dwellings survived through this horizon." 



Pueblo III, the great terraced communal houses of many rooms, mostly of 

 stone construction, although adobe was sometimes used. Erected either in the 

 open or in large natural caverns in the cliffs (pi. 3). Also, one-clan houses 

 scattered about in the vicinity of the large centers. In some sections cavate 

 dwellings, rooms cut into the soft tufa or cliff faces, were not uncommon.^ 



Pueblo IV, communal houses, scattered dwellings, cavate lodges.** 



Pueblo V, villages of terraced houses (pi. 6), of one-storied single-family 

 houses, scattered single-family dwellings. Numerous examples of this stage 

 are known to the general public, Taos, Zuiii, Acoma, and the Hopi towns 

 especially. 



POTTERY 



Basket Maker II, no true pottery but large containers of unfired clay tem- 

 pered with cedar bast, the chaff of corn tassels, or grass heads. Molded, in 

 baskets or built up without aid of molds. Formed of horizontal bands of 

 clay, the beginning of the coil technique.** 



Basket Maker III, fired vessels. Light gray to a fairly good white in color ; 

 red containers; bowls with an unpolished black interior and gray exterior. 

 Surfaces irregularly stippled in appearance, the result of protruding particles 

 of tempering material. Sand or crushed rock temper, paste granular in cross 

 section. Red ware due to an intentional overfiring, not to a colored slip. 

 Bowls usually decorated on interior (pi. 4), other vessels unornamented. 



« Kidder, 1924, pp. 74-75 ; Roberts, 1930, pp. 19-73 ; 1931, pp. 15-90. 



2* Pnidden, 1903. These structures illustrate the form but are Pueblo III in horizon. 

 A number of examples have been excavated in the Chaco range but the data are 

 unpublished. 



!»Colton and Hargrave, 1933. 



" The worlds of Pewkes, Pepper, Mindeleff, Hough, and numerous others illustrate this 

 horizon. See bibliography in Kidder, 1924 ; also citations in Roberts, 1932, pp. 17—19. 



25 Roberts, 1932, pp. 20-21, for examples. 



«« Morris, 1927, pp. 138-160. 



