SOUTHWESTERIST ARCHEOLOGY — ROBERTS 525 



Colonial : Red on buff and plain brown wares. The decorated vessels have 

 a buff base color, generally enhanced by tlie use of a buff-colored slip, and 

 designs drawn on with a red pigment. Vessels are bowls, jars, plates, effigies. 

 Distinguishing features for the Colonial period are a typical bowl shape, like 

 an inverted bell with a flaring rim, and the nature of the designs. Most of the 

 decorations were formed by the repeated use of small elements bordered or 

 fringed on one or both sides by sets of short, oblique, parallel lines. Common 

 elements are figures resembling a simple or crude swastika, the letter z, the 

 letter x, number 3 ; naturalistic symbols such as bird, mammal, reptile, and 

 human forms ; solid figures, triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, circles, the latter 

 often enclosing a small element; interlocking scrolls applied in narrow bands. 

 The kind of painted pottery which identifies the Colonial period has been named 

 Santa Cruz red on buff. The brown vessels are called Gila plain ware." 



Sedentary : Painted pottery a clear buff base color with designs in red, a plain 

 red ware with black interior, a terra-cotta red with black interior. The flared 

 bowls survived into this period ; there were also bowls of terra-cotta red with 

 black interior. Painted vessels mainly jars and dippers. Jars large with sharply 

 returned and flattened rims. The area of greatest diameter well below the 

 center of the jar, producing a sharp angle, the Gila shoulder (pi. 9), and giving 

 the effect of a flattened bottom, although actually rounded, vessel. Designs 

 composed of panels, the chief elements of which are herringbone patterns, 

 stepped lines, hachures, frets bordered with fringes of short, narrow lines. The 

 negative type of design is common, and the patterns were tied together by 

 interlocking scrolls. The name of the painted ware which identifies the period 

 is Sacaton red on buff. The red with black interior is called Santan red ware, 

 and the terra-cotta red with black interior is Gila red ware. The latter is 

 believed to have developed in the eastern part of the province, possibly in the 

 Mogollon district. Colonial sherds are also found at all Sedentary sites.^* 



Classic: Red on buff, terra-cotta red, and the introduced polychrome. The 

 painted red on buff has a fainter base color than in preceding stages, often faded 

 to a faint brown. New technique in the decoration of bowls. Interior colored a 

 dull gray-blue by burning, and ornamented by a band of red decoration, usually 

 a running fret. Outside decoration, bold designs, with cross-hatching common. 

 Typical feature of the Classic is the jars (pi. 9). Body shape globular, but the 

 Gila shoulder retained in modified form. Necks distinct from previous stages 

 in that they were vertical. Negative patterns of frets commonly employed in 

 decorations which closely resemble Sedentary designs. Vessel necks ornamented 

 with square fret, panels of parallel or stepped lines, interlocking negative pat- 

 terns. Main pottery of the period from the standpoint of the Hohokam seems 

 to have been the terra-cotta or Gila red ware. Vessels in this group Include 

 square and rounded bowls, jars, pitchers, ladles, eflSgies, canteens, and eccentric 

 forms. An occasional specimen is noted on which there is an exterior design 

 in white, a thin zigzag line bordered by rows of dots. Apparently synchronous 

 with the advent of the polychrome wares, there was a further development of the 

 red on buff, in which bowls and small, wide-mouthed jars were smoke-blackened 

 on the interior and given a high polish on the exterior. 



In the polychrome group all visible surfaces have clear, well-polished red slip 

 upon which bands and fields of white slip paint were applied as a background 

 for the designs, which were either in black or black and red." This is the ware 

 which is correlated with the Pueblo peoples, and it was on pottery of this type 



*2 Gladwin, 193.3; Haury, 1932. 



« Gladwin, 1933. 



"Kidder, 1924, pp. 109-110. 



