526 ANNUAL, KEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 3 5 



that were based earlier conclusions that the Gila remains were a variation of the 

 Pueblo. The typical red on buff jar forms which identify the period are called 

 Casa Grande red on buff ; the terra cotta red is Gila red ware." The dull gray- 

 blue bowls are known as " Tucson red on buff." ** The polychrome group has a 

 variety of names — Salado, Pinto, Tonto, Gila, depending upon the source and 

 local characteristics." 



Recent : Large percentage of plain ware. It is generally red with heavy firing 

 smudges. It resembles the plain ware of the modern Pima and Papago." 



Modern: The pottery is modern Pima, a highly polished red with designs In 

 black, and the Papago, bright red bowls highly polished inside and out, and jars 

 with a grayish or brownish buff base color and designs in a brownish red. 



There are certain general features in the Hohokam which should be 

 noted. The Pioneer stage was largely based on postulation until the 

 winter and spring of 1934r-35, when a site, Snaketown, near Phoenix, 

 was found which gives definite evidence that there was such a period. 

 The results of the work at Snaketown have not yet been published, so 

 that it is impossible to give any of the significant details. Announce- 

 ment has been made, however, of the finding of a form of Ball Court 

 at that location. The Ball Court is a typical Mexican feature found 

 in association with ruins throughout Mexico and for that reason sug- 

 gests interesting possibilities for the origin of many Hohokam traits. 

 Other Mexican features, for example, the backs from iron pyrite 

 mirrors, also point significantly southward. What impressed the 

 writer most in viewing the material from Snaketown was the closer 

 similarity in ceramics between this stage and the Pueblo pottery than 

 exists in the later Hohokam horizons. The reason for this is not 

 apparent at the present time, but may be forthcoming when the mate- 

 rial has been thoroughly studied and published reports are issued by 

 Gila Pueblo. 



Present indications are that Ball Courts are one of the traits that 

 characterize the Colonial and Sedentary periods. Historic remains 

 occur only in the south; in some districts other stages are missing. 

 There was no Classic in the west where the Sedentary developed 

 into the Modern. In the southern periphery, the Papagueria, there 

 was no Sedentary. The great irrigation systems of the Gila and 

 Salt Kiver valleys attained their maximum development in the 

 Classic. It is thought by the investigators in this province that 

 the Hohokam cultural pattern flowed outward to affect peripheral 

 areas where the people were in a less advanced stage of develop- 

 ment, rather than that the Hohokam received its impetus from 

 an exterior source. As stated previously, the Hohokam periods cor- 

 relate roughly with the Pueblo stages. Tliis has been indicated by 



<» Gladwin, 1933. 



" Gladwin, undated, p. 119, type 2. 



"Gladwin, 1930 b. 



" Gladwin, 1930 a, p. 178, type 2. 



