48 Dr. ^"0l^ Feilitzsch on the Physical Distinction 



two manners ; either from the ends to the centre, or from the 

 centre to the ends. 



A. llie excitation from the ends to the centre is done when a 

 bar is suspended between two magnet poles. 



1. ^Hien the coercive power is such that the effect of the mole- 

 cules on each other may be neglected, then every particle that is 

 nearer to the magnet pole will be more strongly excited tlian the 

 neighboiu'ing and more distant particle. 



If we observe two such luughbouring particles near the exter- 

 nal south pole, then will the more near repel a south pole with 

 the intensity s; the more distant will turn to a north pole with 

 the intensity n', but in such a manner that ?i'<s. But out- 

 wardly these two excited magnetisms act with the difference of 

 theii" power s—n'; but this is in our case south polar, con- 

 sequently of the same kind as the exciting south pole. The 

 contrary ^ill take place near the nortli pole, so that the dis- 

 engaged magnetism, distributed over the bar, becomes south polar on 

 that half which is turned to the south pole, but north polar on the 

 other half that is turned to the north pole. A substance, where 

 this takes place, is diamagnetic, it places itself equatorial. 



2. When the bar of a magnetic substance is so qualified that the 

 separating action of the molecules on each other must be taken 

 into consideration, then it can become so strong that the mole- 

 cules in the middle of the substance are more strongly magnetic 

 than towards the ends. If we observe, once more, two such par- 

 ticles near the external south pole, the south pole of the nearest 

 will tend to recede by an intensity Sj from this exteinal south 

 pole, but the more chstant will tm-n towards it a north pole of 

 the intensity ??/, but in such a manner that n,'<Si. Out^ 

 wardly the two will act with the intensity n'j—s,, but this is 

 noi-th polar, therefore of a contrary nature to the exciting south 

 pole. The contrary will take j)lace near the north pole, so that 

 the disengaged magnetism distributed over the bar becomes north 

 polar on the half that is turned towards the south pole, but south 

 polar on that half that is turned towards the north pole. A sub- 

 stance where this takes place is magnetic, it places itself axial. 



3. Besides, of this observed disengaged magnetism, we must- 

 further consider that portion which becomes disengaged on the 

 final surface of the bar, aird which cannot be compensated by the 

 neighbouring particles. This is always of a contrary nature to 

 the exciting neighbouring pole. In magnetic bodies it supports 

 the effect of the disengaged magnetism developed in the bar; 

 in diamagnetic bodies it acts in the contrary direction, and it is 

 to be thought that sometimes it even is ])reponderating. Per- 

 haps this might be the cause of the feeble magnetism that you 

 observed in platinum, palladium and osmium. 



