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  REPORT 
  OF 
  COMMISSIONER 
  OF 
  FISH 
  AND 
  FISHERIES. 
  

  

  found 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  of 
  ISTortli 
  America 
  — 
  and 
  consists 
  chiefly 
  

   of 
  a 
  record 
  of 
  an 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  stomach 
  contents 
  of 
  numerous 
  

   specimens 
  taken 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  States 
  and 
  the 
  

   Canadian 
  maritime 
  provinces. 
  

  

  THE 
  COD 
  FAMILY. 
  

  

  The 
  cod 
  family 
  or 
  Gadida- 
  is 
  principally 
  represented 
  on 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  

   coast 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  by 
  the 
  following- 
  si)ecies, 
  which 
  have 
  the 
  

   stated 
  geographical 
  range 
  in 
  the 
  Western 
  Hemisi)here: 
  

  

  Cod. 
  (ladns 
  call(iri((s 
  Limiix'us. 
  Greenland 
  to 
  Virginia. 
  

  

  Torncod; 
  Frostfish. 
  Microgad 
  ua 
  iomcod 
  (Walhanm). 
  Labrador 
  to 
  Virginia. 
  

  

  Pollocii. 
  I'oUachiiis 
  viretis 
  (Linu.TBUs). 
  Atlantic 
  coast, 
  south 
  to 
  New 
  Jersey. 
  

  

  Spotted 
  Codling, 
  rhj/cis 
  ref/iiis 
  (Walbaum). 
  Atlantic 
  coast, 
  sontli 
  to 
  Cape 
  Fear. 
  

  

  White 
  Hake. 
  I'hycis 
  tenuis 
  (Mitchill). 
  Atlantic 
  coast, 
  south 
  to 
  Virginia. 
  

  

  Squirrel 
  Hake. 
  Ph/cis 
  cliuss 
  (Wiill)anm). 
  Atlantic 
  coast, 
  chiefly 
  northward. 
  

  

  Chester's 
  Hake, 
  ritycis 
  cliesieri 
  Goode 
  & 
  Bean. 
  Off 
  the 
  Massachusetts 
  coast. 
  

  

  Earll's 
  Hake. 
  I'lnjcis 
  earlVi 
  Bean. 
  Off 
  coast 
  of 
  South 
  Atlantic 
  States. 
  

  

  Cusk. 
  Jirosmins 
  hrosnie 
  (Miiller). 
  Polar 
  regions 
  south 
  to 
  Cape 
  Cod. 
  

  

  Haddock. 
  Melanoyrammns 
  (vglifinus 
  (Linnteus). 
  North 
  Atlantic 
  coast, 
  south 
  to 
  

  

  ]SIiddle 
  States. 
  

   Four-bearded 
  Rockling. 
  lihinonemus 
  chnbriiiK 
  (Linnii^us). 
  North 
  Atlantic, 
  south 
  

  

  to 
  New 
  England 
  coast. 
  

  

  A 
  number 
  of 
  other 
  sj)ecies, 
  mostly 
  of 
  small 
  size 
  and 
  inhabiting 
  the 
  

   deep 
  seas, 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  Atlantic 
  and 
  are 
  sometimes 
  taken 
  on 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  coast, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  no 
  commercial 
  value. 
  

  

  The 
  more 
  important 
  economic 
  species 
  are 
  the 
  cod, 
  white 
  hake, 
  had- 
  

   dock, 
  pollock, 
  cusk, 
  and 
  tomcod. 
  

  

  The 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  cod 
  family, 
  though 
  not 
  usually 
  classed 
  with 
  migra- 
  

   tory 
  fishes, 
  have 
  movements 
  from 
  one 
  feeding-ground 
  to 
  another, 
  and 
  in 
  

   some 
  localities 
  a 
  winter 
  bathic 
  movement. 
  

  

  How 
  far 
  the 
  cod 
  may 
  go 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  new 
  feeding-grounds 
  is 
  not 
  

   known. 
  There 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  observations 
  which 
  show 
  that 
  occasionally, 
  

   at 
  least, 
  they 
  may 
  travel 
  long 
  distances, 
  but 
  the 
  reason 
  therefor 
  can 
  

   not 
  be 
  positively 
  stated. 
  Thus 
  in 
  "The 
  Fishery 
  Industries 
  of 
  the 
  

   United 
  States"* 
  reference 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  school 
  

   of 
  cod 
  on 
  the 
  Kew 
  England 
  coast, 
  especially 
  at 
  Cape 
  Ann 
  during 
  the 
  

   winter 
  of 
  1877-78. 
  In 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  fish 
  caught 
  were 
  found 
  liooks 
  dif- 
  

   fering 
  from 
  any 
  used 
  by 
  New 
  England 
  fishermen, 
  but 
  identical 
  with 
  

   those 
  used 
  by 
  Frencih 
  trawl 
  fishermen 
  on 
  the 
  Grand 
  Banks. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  F. 
  S. 
  Conley, 
  first 
  mate 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Fish 
  Commission 
  

   schooner 
  (rramjrns, 
  states 
  that 
  during 
  the 
  winters 
  of 
  1802-9.3 
  and 
  

   1803-94, 
  while 
  taking 
  cod 
  eggs 
  at 
  Kittery 
  Point, 
  Me., 
  he 
  saw 
  the 
  same 
  

   kind 
  of 
  French 
  trawl 
  hooks 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  stomachs 
  of 
  cod 
  caught 
  in 
  

   Ipswicli 
  Bay, 
  Massachusetts, 
  and 
  was 
  told 
  that 
  this 
  was 
  not 
  an 
  uncom- 
  

   mon 
  occurrence. 
  This 
  would 
  indicate 
  that 
  for 
  some 
  reason 
  the 
  fish 
  

   had 
  migrated 
  from 
  the 
  Grand 
  Banks 
  to 
  Cape 
  Ann, 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  about 
  

  

  * 
  Section 
  I, 
  Natural 
  History 
  of 
  Aquatic 
  Animals. 
  

  

  