﻿U.-OBSERVATIONS 
  ON 
  THE 
  HERRING 
  AND 
  HERRING 
  FISHERIES 
  

   OF 
  THE 
  NORTHEAST 
  COAST, 
  WITH 
  SPECIAL 
  REFERENCE 
  

   TO 
  THE 
  VICINITY 
  OF 
  PASSAMAQUODDY 
  BAY. 
  

  

  Bv 
  II. 
  F, 
  Moore, 
  

  

  A8><isian1, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Fish 
  Commission. 
  

  

  The 
  observations 
  upon 
  which 
  this 
  paper 
  is 
  based 
  were 
  Toade 
  while 
  the 
  

   writer 
  was 
  engaged 
  in 
  investigations 
  in 
  behalf 
  of 
  the 
  joint 
  commission, 
  

   named 
  by 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  Canada, 
  to 
  inquire 
  into 
  the 
  fisheries 
  

   of 
  the 
  waters 
  contiguous 
  to 
  the 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  countries. 
  The 
  

   studies 
  were 
  carried 
  on 
  during 
  the 
  summers 
  of 
  1893 
  and 
  1895, 
  and 
  

   extended 
  from 
  Porthmd, 
  Maine, 
  to 
  St. 
  John, 
  New 
  Brunswick, 
  with 
  

   si)ecial 
  reference 
  to 
  waters 
  on 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  boundary 
  line 
  between 
  

   Maine 
  and 
  K"ew 
  Brunswick. 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  purposes 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  report 
  it 
  is 
  deemed 
  desirable 
  to 
  con- 
  

   sider 
  as 
  a 
  whole 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  lying 
  between 
  West 
  Quoddj^ 
  Head, 
  

   Maine, 
  and 
  Point 
  Lepreau, 
  l^ew 
  Brunswick, 
  including 
  Grand 
  Mauan 
  

   and 
  the 
  St. 
  Croix 
  Kiver 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Kobbinston. 
  The 
  region 
  thus 
  outlined 
  

   is 
  a 
  natural 
  one 
  from 
  both 
  a 
  geographical 
  and 
  an 
  economic 
  standpoint. 
  

   The 
  shore 
  line 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  extreme 
  irregularity, 
  the 
  indentation 
  produced 
  

   by 
  the 
  Passamaquoddy 
  system 
  being 
  the 
  dominant 
  feature. 
  

  

  Passamaquoddy 
  Bay 
  is 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Fundy 
  by 
  a 
  chain 
  

   of 
  islands, 
  the 
  largest 
  of 
  these 
  being 
  Campobello 
  and 
  Deer 
  islands, 
  and 
  

   the 
  most 
  important 
  Moose 
  Island, 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Eastport 
  is 
  

   situated. 
  The 
  numerous 
  small 
  islands 
  lying 
  east 
  and 
  northeast 
  of 
  Deer 
  

   Island 
  are 
  collectively 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Western 
  Isles. 
  On 
  its 
  western 
  

   side 
  Passamaquoddy 
  Bay 
  receives 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  St. 
  Croix 
  Kiv^er, 
  

   which 
  is 
  a 
  tidal 
  stream 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Calais 
  and 
  St. 
  Stephens. 
  South 
  and 
  

   west 
  of 
  Eastport 
  it 
  connects 
  with 
  the 
  intricate 
  ramifications 
  of 
  Cobs- 
  

   cook 
  Bay 
  and 
  its 
  numerous 
  arms 
  and 
  tributaries 
  which 
  reach 
  into 
  

   Maine 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  from 
  10 
  to 
  15 
  miles, 
  to 
  the 
  towns 
  of 
  Pembroke, 
  

   Dennysville, 
  and 
  Whiting. 
  

  

  The 
  entrance 
  to 
  Passamaquoddy 
  Bay 
  is 
  by 
  two 
  passages, 
  one 
  throngh 
  

   Lubec 
  Narrows, 
  between 
  the 
  western 
  end 
  of 
  Campobello 
  and 
  the 
  town 
  

   of 
  Lubec, 
  and 
  thence 
  by 
  the 
  Western 
  Passage 
  between 
  Deer 
  Island 
  and 
  

   the 
  Maine 
  shore: 
  the 
  other, 
  Letite 
  Passage, 
  is 
  through 
  tlie 
  archipelago 
  

   east 
  of 
  Deer 
  Island. 
  Vessels 
  plying 
  between 
  Eastport 
  and 
  Ijubec 
  and 
  

   points 
  west 
  use 
  Lubec 
  Narrows 
  when 
  the 
  tide 
  is 
  favorable, 
  but 
  as 
  the 
  

   currents 
  flow 
  with 
  great 
  velocity 
  at 
  certain 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  tide 
  it 
  is 
  often 
  

   necessary 
  for 
  them 
  to 
  run 
  around 
  the 
  eastern 
  end 
  of 
  Campobello 
  and 
  

   enter 
  through 
  I 
  load 
  Ifarbor 
  Passage, 
  between 
  (-ampobono 
  antl 
  Deer 
  

  

  :587 
  

  

  