﻿388 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  COMMISSIONER 
  OF 
  FISH 
  AND 
  FISHERIES. 
  

  

  Island. 
  This 
  route 
  is 
  the 
  one 
  invariably 
  followed 
  by 
  vessels 
  plying 
  in 
  

   either 
  direction 
  between 
  St. 
  John 
  and 
  Eastport. 
  

  

  Immediately 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  Passamaquoddy 
  Bay 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  

   complex 
  series 
  of 
  bays, 
  coves, 
  and 
  channels, 
  separated 
  by 
  headlands 
  

   and 
  islands, 
  forming 
  Letite 
  and 
  L'Etang 
  harbors, 
  with 
  their 
  approaches. 
  

   This 
  region 
  and 
  Beaver 
  Harbor, 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  further 
  east, 
  are 
  important 
  

   localities 
  in 
  the 
  weir 
  fishery 
  for 
  sardine-herring, 
  and 
  the 
  place 
  last 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  was 
  a 
  leading 
  center 
  for 
  the 
  now 
  extinct 
  winter 
  herring 
  fishery. 
  

   Between 
  Beaver 
  Harbor 
  and 
  Point 
  Lepreau 
  are 
  several 
  bays 
  and 
  coves 
  

   in 
  which 
  weirs 
  are 
  located, 
  but 
  the 
  fishery 
  is 
  not 
  important 
  except 
  in 
  

   times 
  of 
  scarcity 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  nearer 
  Eastport. 
  

  

  Grand 
  Manan 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  island 
  about 
  10 
  miles 
  long 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  max- 
  

   imum 
  width 
  of 
  7 
  miles. 
  It 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  province 
  of 
  New 
  Brunswick, 
  

   and 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Fundy, 
  about 
  7 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  southwestern 
  end 
  

   of 
  Campobello. 
  Its 
  northwestern 
  shore 
  — 
  that 
  facing 
  the 
  mainland 
  — 
  pre- 
  

   sents 
  an 
  almost 
  unbroken 
  ramjiart 
  of 
  cliffs 
  about 
  18 
  miles 
  long, 
  and 
  in 
  

   places 
  reaching 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  400 
  feet. 
  The 
  only 
  important 
  interruption 
  

   in 
  this 
  rocky 
  wall 
  is 
  at 
  Dark 
  Harbor, 
  a 
  subtriangular 
  inlet 
  about 
  half 
  

   a 
  mile 
  wide 
  and 
  almost 
  as 
  long. 
  Over 
  a 
  considerable 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   area 
  of 
  this 
  basin 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  water 
  of 
  from 
  35 
  to 
  40 
  feet 
  at 
  

   low 
  tide. 
  

  

  Except 
  for 
  a 
  narrow 
  opening 
  near 
  the 
  west 
  end, 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  

   harbor 
  is 
  closed 
  by 
  a 
  natural 
  bar 
  of 
  riprap; 
  the 
  tide 
  rises 
  about 
  15 
  

   feet, 
  and, 
  as 
  the 
  basin 
  fills 
  almost 
  entirely 
  through 
  the 
  opening 
  above 
  

   mentioned, 
  the 
  currents 
  run 
  in 
  and 
  out 
  with 
  great 
  velocity. 
  Advan- 
  

   tage 
  is 
  taken 
  of 
  this 
  fact 
  to 
  utilize 
  the 
  harbor 
  as 
  a 
  huge 
  fish-pond, 
  an 
  

   arrangement 
  of 
  stakes 
  at 
  the 
  inlet 
  making 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  the 
  fish 
  easy 
  

   and 
  their 
  exit 
  difficult, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  consequence 
  herring 
  can 
  be 
  taken 
  at 
  

   almost 
  any 
  season 
  in 
  the 
  weir 
  located 
  on 
  the 
  southwest 
  shore, 
  but 
  as 
  

   they 
  are 
  often 
  held 
  in 
  the 
  pond 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  and 
  subjected 
  to 
  a 
  

   scarcity 
  of 
  food 
  they 
  are 
  frequently 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  poor 
  condition. 
  

  

  The 
  southeast 
  side 
  of 
  Grand 
  Manan 
  is 
  low, 
  and 
  a 
  fringe 
  of 
  small 
  

   settlements 
  and 
  scattered 
  dwellings 
  skirts 
  its 
  entire 
  length, 
  giving 
  

   abode 
  to 
  a 
  population 
  almost 
  entirely 
  dependent 
  upon 
  the 
  fisheries. 
  

   Off 
  this 
  shore 
  lie 
  innumerable 
  islands, 
  rocks, 
  and 
  reefs, 
  inducing 
  intri- 
  

   cate 
  and 
  rapid 
  tidal 
  currents, 
  famous 
  in 
  the 
  herring 
  fishery 
  of 
  the 
  

   region. 
  

  

  Another 
  group 
  of 
  small 
  islands, 
  known 
  as 
  The 
  Wolves, 
  lies 
  about 
  10 
  

   miles 
  northeast 
  of 
  Grand 
  Manan 
  and 
  about 
  8 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  

   Beaver 
  Harbor. 
  They 
  are 
  almost 
  uninhabited, 
  but 
  temporary 
  stations 
  

   upon 
  them 
  are 
  sometimes 
  occupied 
  by 
  fishermen. 
  

  

  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  striking 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Fundy 
  is 
  the 
  great 
  rise 
  

   and 
  fall 
  of 
  tides, 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  above 
  sketched 
  the 
  height 
  varying 
  from 
  

   about 
  15 
  to 
  22 
  feet. 
  This 
  vast 
  semidiurnal 
  flow 
  of 
  the 
  waters, 
  taken 
  in 
  

   connection 
  with 
  the 
  intricacy 
  of 
  the 
  channels, 
  produces 
  swift 
  and 
  com- 
  

   plex 
  currents, 
  innumerable 
  eddies, 
  and 
  several 
  whirlpools, 
  not 
  without 
  

   danger 
  to 
  small 
  crafts 
  such 
  as 
  are 
  here 
  in 
  common 
  use 
  in 
  the 
  fisheries. 
  

  

  