﻿THE 
  HERRING 
  FISHERIES 
  OF 
  THE 
  NORTHEAST 
  COAST. 
  3.'^9 
  

  

  The 
  international 
  boundary 
  line 
  passes 
  down 
  the 
  St. 
  Croix 
  Eiver 
  and 
  

   thence 
  through 
  tlie 
  Western 
  Passage, 
  Friars 
  Eoads, 
  Lubec 
  Xarrows, 
  

   and 
  West 
  Quoddy 
  Bay. 
  It 
  is 
  rarely 
  over 
  a 
  mile 
  from 
  the 
  main 
  shore 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  it 
  therefore 
  follows 
  that 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  waters 
  here 
  

   considered 
  fall 
  within 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  New 
  Brunswick. 
  Notwithstanding 
  

   this, 
  however, 
  the 
  interests 
  of 
  the 
  citizens 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  are 
  of 
  

   great 
  importance, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  sardines 
  

   from 
  small 
  herring 
  is 
  conducted 
  almost 
  entirely 
  on 
  United 
  States 
  soil, 
  

   giving 
  employment 
  to 
  many 
  persons 
  of 
  both 
  sexes. 
  

  

  The 
  largest 
  and 
  most 
  important 
  town 
  is 
  Eastport, 
  on 
  Moose 
  Island, 
  

   a 
  city 
  of 
  above 
  5,000 
  inhabitants, 
  having 
  regular 
  steamboat 
  comnui- 
  

   nication 
  with 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  points, 
  and 
  great 
  expectations 
  of 
  some 
  

   day 
  becoming 
  a 
  railroad 
  town. 
  Lubec 
  is 
  next 
  in 
  importance, 
  other 
  

   towns 
  being 
  Eobbinston 
  and 
  St. 
  Andrews, 
  on 
  the 
  St. 
  Croix 
  River, 
  and 
  

   Pembroke, 
  Deunysville, 
  and 
  Whiting 
  upon 
  several 
  arms 
  of 
  Cobscook 
  

   Bay. 
  

  

  GENERAL 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  The 
  herring, 
  Clnpea 
  harengiis, 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  abundant 
  fishes 
  

   inhabiting 
  the 
  North 
  Atlantic 
  Ocean. 
  Although 
  it 
  apparently 
  never 
  

   enters 
  the 
  Mediterranean, 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  sparingly 
  upon 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  

   Europe 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  the 
  Strait 
  of 
  Gibraltar. 
  From 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Bis- 
  

   cay 
  northward 
  it 
  increases 
  in 
  abundance, 
  reaching 
  its 
  maximum 
  in 
  the 
  

   waters 
  adjoining 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Scotland, 
  Norway 
  and 
  Sweden. 
  It 
  

   extends 
  its 
  range 
  eastward 
  along 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Arctic 
  Ocean 
  at 
  

   least 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Siberia, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  White 
  Sea 
  it 
  occurs 
  in 
  sufficient 
  

   numbers 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  the 
  object 
  of 
  regular 
  fisheries 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  and 
  

   fall. 
  Commercially 
  the 
  herring 
  is 
  of 
  greatest 
  importance 
  in 
  the 
  North 
  

   Sea 
  and 
  contiguous 
  waters, 
  where 
  the 
  fishery 
  has 
  been 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  

   of 
  vast 
  importance 
  to 
  the 
  nations 
  of 
  northern 
  Europe. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  last 
  two 
  decades 
  the 
  Norwegians 
  and 
  others 
  have 
  

   developed 
  a 
  herring 
  fishery 
  of 
  some 
  importance 
  uj^on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Ice- 
  

   land. 
  In 
  Greenland 
  the 
  herring 
  also 
  occurs, 
  but 
  it 
  gives 
  rise 
  to 
  no 
  

   fishery 
  of 
  value, 
  though 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  there 
  as 
  abundant 
  as 
  

   upon 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  Iceland, 
  where 
  the 
  native 
  population 
  neglected 
  the 
  

   important 
  product 
  at 
  their 
  doors 
  until 
  their 
  attention 
  was 
  directed 
  to 
  

   it 
  by 
  the 
  fishermen 
  of 
  Europe 
  less 
  than 
  thirty 
  years 
  ago. 
  

  

  Upon 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast 
  of 
  North 
  America 
  the 
  herring 
  ranges 
  as 
  far 
  

   south 
  as 
  Cape 
  Hatteras, 
  being 
  occasionally 
  caught 
  in 
  the 
  Chesapeake 
  

   and 
  off 
  the 
  outer 
  shores 
  of 
  Virginia, 
  Maryland, 
  and 
  New 
  Jersey. 
  It 
  

   never 
  occurs 
  in 
  great 
  abundance 
  south 
  of 
  Block 
  Island, 
  and 
  the 
  prin- 
  

   cipal 
  fisheries 
  are 
  north 
  of 
  Cape 
  Cod. 
  Newfoundland 
  is 
  the 
  northernmost 
  

   portion 
  of 
  North 
  America 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  herring 
  fishery 
  is 
  persistently 
  

   and 
  extensively 
  followed, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  likewise 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  extensive 
  

   fisheries 
  at 
  the 
  Magdalene 
  Islands 
  and 
  at 
  other 
  places 
  on 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  

   St. 
  Lawrence, 
  while 
  from 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Fundy 
  to 
  Cape 
  Cod 
  the 
  fishing- 
  

   grounds 
  are 
  practically 
  continuous. 
  The 
  herring 
  fishery 
  upon 
  tbe 
  

  

  