﻿THE 
  HERRING 
  INDUSTRY 
  OF 
  THE 
  PASSAMAQUODDY 
  REGION. 
  453 
  

  

  the 
  ceiling. 
  There 
  are 
  five 
  thwarts. 
  Kidboards 
  are 
  used 
  under 
  the 
  

   forward 
  and 
  after 
  thwarts, 
  and 
  in 
  large 
  boats 
  under 
  the 
  center 
  one, 
  but 
  

   seldom 
  under 
  the 
  other 
  two; 
  these 
  provide 
  two 
  compartments 
  for 
  con- 
  

   venience 
  in 
  carrying 
  and 
  handling 
  fish. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  forward 
  and 
  after 
  

   standing 
  room, 
  and 
  a 
  cuddy 
  in 
  the 
  bow 
  and 
  stern. 
  The 
  steering 
  gear 
  

   is 
  hung 
  on 
  the 
  outside 
  and 
  operated 
  with 
  a 
  tiller. 
  

  

  The 
  boats 
  are 
  timbered 
  with 
  oak, 
  white 
  ash, 
  or 
  hackmatack. 
  The 
  

   knees 
  are 
  usually 
  spruce. 
  The 
  planking 
  is 
  white 
  pine 
  from 
  three- 
  

   fourths 
  to 
  seven-eighths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  thickness. 
  The 
  washboards 
  are 
  

   of 
  pine, 
  the 
  coamings 
  oak 
  or 
  ash, 
  and 
  the 
  thwarts 
  spruce. 
  Only 
  one 
  

   mast 
  is 
  used, 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  which 
  varies 
  from 
  22 
  to 
  30 
  feet. 
  It 
  is 
  

   stepped 
  well 
  forward, 
  being 
  from 
  2 
  to 
  4 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  stem, 
  according 
  

   to 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  boat, 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  supported 
  by 
  standing 
  rigging. 
  A 
  

   mainsail, 
  rigged 
  with 
  gaff 
  and 
  boom, 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  sail 
  carried. 
  It 
  varies 
  

   in 
  area 
  from 
  40 
  to 
  60 
  yards. 
  Each 
  boat 
  is 
  supi)lied 
  with 
  one 
  pair 
  of 
  

   oars 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  anchor 
  weighing 
  about 
  15 
  pounds 
  and 
  having 
  a 
  2^-inch 
  

   manila 
  cable. 
  The 
  boats 
  are 
  generally 
  very 
  round 
  on 
  the 
  bottom, 
  so 
  

   that 
  they 
  will 
  roll 
  down 
  easily 
  when 
  the 
  fish 
  are 
  being 
  dipped 
  from 
  

   the 
  seine. 
  A 
  square-stern 
  boat 
  is 
  rarely 
  seen. 
  They 
  differ 
  from 
  the 
  

   sharp-stem 
  boats 
  mainly 
  by 
  having 
  no 
  keel 
  and 
  being 
  fitted 
  with 
  a 
  

   centerboard. 
  The 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  boats 
  are 
  built 
  at 
  Lubec, 
  and 
  

   cost 
  from 
  about 
  $100 
  to 
  $200 
  each, 
  and 
  their 
  carrying 
  capacity 
  is 
  from 
  

   about 
  5 
  to 
  10 
  hogsheads 
  of 
  fish. 
  

  

  Roivboats. 
  — 
  Small 
  rowboats 
  are 
  also 
  used 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  as 
  tenders 
  

   to 
  the 
  sailboats. 
  These 
  are 
  either 
  ordinary 
  dories, 
  15 
  feet 
  in 
  length, 
  

   and 
  bought 
  mostly 
  at 
  second 
  hand 
  and 
  costing 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  from 
  $7 
  

   to 
  $10 
  each, 
  or 
  small, 
  round-bottom 
  boats 
  built 
  new 
  for 
  the 
  business. 
  

   The 
  latter 
  kind 
  are 
  called 
  "gigs" 
  or 
  "dingies." 
  They 
  are 
  from 
  11 
  to 
  15 
  

   feet 
  in 
  length 
  on 
  top, 
  and 
  from 
  3 
  to 
  3J 
  feet 
  in 
  width, 
  with 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  

   thwarts, 
  and 
  have 
  one 
  pair 
  of 
  oars. 
  They 
  cost 
  from 
  $10 
  to 
  $18 
  each, 
  

   according 
  to 
  their 
  size. 
  They 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  plying 
  between 
  the 
  sailboats 
  

   and 
  the 
  shore, 
  and 
  for 
  various 
  work 
  while 
  fishing 
  the 
  weirs 
  when 
  a 
  larger 
  

   boat 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  so 
  conveniently 
  managed. 
  Large 
  rowboats 
  of 
  a 
  

   similar 
  description, 
  varying 
  in 
  value 
  from 
  $20 
  to 
  $50 
  each, 
  are 
  also 
  used 
  

   in 
  some 
  localities 
  for 
  fishing 
  the 
  weirs. 
  In 
  some 
  instances 
  they 
  are 
  

   only 
  used 
  for 
  operating 
  the 
  seine, 
  the 
  fish 
  being 
  carried 
  in 
  a 
  sailboat; 
  

   in 
  others 
  they 
  serve 
  both 
  purposes. 
  

  

  Collecting 
  boats. 
  — 
  Collecting 
  boats 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  transporting 
  herring 
  

   from 
  weirs 
  to 
  the 
  canneries 
  and 
  smoke-houses. 
  Eacli 
  cannery 
  employs 
  

   from 
  one 
  to 
  four, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  a 
  larger 
  number, 
  of 
  these 
  boats, 
  but 
  

   fish 
  for 
  the 
  smoke-houses, 
  especially 
  those 
  not 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  can- 
  

   neries, 
  are 
  more 
  often 
  transported 
  by 
  the 
  boats 
  used 
  in 
  fishing 
  the 
  

   weirs. 
  The 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  collecting 
  boats 
  are 
  large, 
  sloop-rigged 
  

   sailboats, 
  averaging 
  from 
  28 
  to 
  30 
  feet 
  in 
  length 
  and 
  costing 
  when 
  new 
  

   about 
  $300 
  each. 
  In 
  some 
  instances 
  small 
  vessels 
  of 
  both 
  sloop 
  and 
  

   schooner 
  rig 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  collecting 
  fish. 
  Nearly 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  vessels 
  and 
  

   boats 
  have 
  sharp 
  or 
  "pink" 
  sterns. 
  They 
  vary 
  greatly 
  in 
  size, 
  and 
  for 
  

  

  