﻿THE 
  HERRING 
  INDUSTRY 
  OF 
  THE 
  PASSAMAQUODDY 
  REGION. 
  473 
  

  

  inches, 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  half-oil 
  and 
  three-quarter 
  mustard 
  cans, 
  each 
  

   sheet 
  having 
  12 
  strips 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  and 
  8 
  strips 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  size. 
  It 
  

   will 
  be 
  understood 
  that 
  in 
  each 
  instance 
  one 
  strip 
  is 
  the 
  requisite 
  

   quantity 
  for 
  a 
  sardine 
  can, 
  except 
  for 
  the 
  cover 
  and 
  bottom. 
  The 
  prices 
  

   charged 
  for 
  decorating 
  in 
  1895 
  were 
  $1.85 
  per 
  box 
  of 
  112 
  sheets, 
  and 
  

   $3.70 
  per 
  box 
  of 
  224 
  sheets. 
  The 
  rates 
  have 
  been 
  considerably 
  reduced 
  

   since 
  1889 
  and 
  1890, 
  when 
  the 
  price 
  per 
  box 
  was 
  $2.50 
  for 
  the 
  small 
  and 
  

   $5 
  for 
  the 
  large 
  boxes, 
  and 
  still 
  further 
  reductions 
  are 
  being 
  made. 
  

  

  Plain 
  tin. 
  — 
  The 
  covers 
  and 
  bottoms 
  for 
  the 
  cans 
  are 
  cut 
  from 
  the 
  

   plain 
  or 
  uudecorated 
  tin. 
  The 
  14 
  by 
  20 
  inch 
  size, 
  with 
  112 
  sheets 
  to 
  

   the 
  box, 
  is 
  more 
  generally 
  used 
  for 
  this 
  purpose. 
  For 
  quarter 
  oil 
  cans 
  

   one 
  sheet 
  of 
  tin 
  will 
  make 
  18 
  covers, 
  or 
  the 
  same 
  number 
  of 
  bottoms, 
  

   or 
  the 
  covers 
  and 
  bottoms 
  for 
  9 
  cans. 
  One 
  box 
  of 
  tin 
  will, 
  therefore, 
  

   make 
  the 
  covers 
  and 
  bottoms 
  for 
  1,008 
  cans, 
  which 
  is 
  10 
  cases 
  and 
  8 
  

   cans 
  of 
  this 
  variety. 
  The 
  three 
  quarter 
  mustard 
  size 
  being 
  larger, 
  

   there 
  are 
  only 
  14 
  covers 
  or 
  bottoms, 
  or 
  covers 
  and 
  bottoms 
  for 
  7 
  cans 
  

   in 
  each 
  sheet 
  of 
  tin, 
  being 
  784 
  cans 
  or 
  15 
  cases 
  and 
  34 
  cans 
  in 
  each 
  

   box 
  of 
  tin. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  tin 
  per 
  box, 
  when 
  landed 
  at 
  the 
  fictory, 
  

   is 
  from 
  about 
  $3.32 
  to 
  $3.40 
  for 
  the 
  small 
  boxes, 
  and 
  from 
  $0.30 
  to 
  

   $6.40 
  for 
  the 
  large 
  ones. 
  The 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  80 
  and 
  85 
  

   pound 
  tin 
  is, 
  approximately, 
  5 
  cents 
  per 
  box. 
  On 
  orders 
  of 
  10,000 
  

   boxes 
  or 
  more 
  this, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen, 
  is 
  an 
  item 
  worthy 
  of 
  consideration. 
  

   The 
  quantity 
  of 
  i)lain 
  and 
  decorated 
  tin 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  canneries 
  in 
  1895 
  

   was 
  87,891 
  boxes, 
  or 
  about 
  4,000 
  tons, 
  which 
  cost, 
  including 
  the 
  expense 
  

   of 
  decorating, 
  $378,907. 
  

  

  Solder. 
  — 
  The 
  solder 
  used 
  in 
  making 
  the 
  cans 
  is 
  an 
  item 
  of 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  imi)ortance. 
  In 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  canneries 
  the 
  engineer 
  occupies 
  his 
  

   spare 
  time 
  in 
  making 
  it. 
  Sometimes 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  canneries 
  have 
  their 
  

   solder 
  made 
  together 
  and 
  hire 
  a 
  man 
  for 
  that 
  purpose. 
  Nearly 
  all 
  now 
  

   make 
  their 
  own 
  solder, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  sell 
  solder 
  to 
  those 
  who 
  desire 
  to 
  buy 
  

   a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  quantity 
  used. 
  The 
  appliance, 
  or 
  solder 
  machine, 
  con- 
  

   sists 
  of 
  a 
  brick 
  furnace 
  of 
  medium 
  size 
  over 
  which 
  is 
  arranged 
  a 
  large 
  

   iron 
  kettle. 
  At 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  kettle 
  is 
  a 
  funnel 
  fixed 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  posi- 
  

   tion 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  directly 
  over 
  a 
  wheel 
  in 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  groove. 
  

   These 
  machines, 
  including 
  the 
  furnance, 
  cost 
  from 
  $150 
  to 
  $500 
  each, 
  

   according 
  to 
  their 
  size. 
  The 
  furnace 
  is 
  heated 
  with 
  a 
  wood 
  fire. 
  

  

  The 
  solder 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  pig 
  tin 
  and 
  lead 
  in 
  jjroportions 
  of 
  about 
  70 
  

   pounds 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  to 
  100 
  pounds 
  of 
  the 
  latter. 
  After 
  the 
  pigs 
  of 
  

   lead 
  have 
  been 
  melted 
  in 
  the 
  kettle 
  the 
  tin 
  is 
  put 
  in. 
  When 
  the 
  mass 
  

   has 
  become 
  sufhciently 
  soft 
  it 
  is 
  stirred 
  until 
  the 
  two 
  ingredients 
  are 
  

   thoroughly 
  mixed. 
  It 
  is 
  then 
  dipped 
  with 
  a 
  ladle 
  into 
  the 
  funnel 
  and 
  

   allowed 
  to 
  run 
  down 
  over 
  the 
  wheel, 
  which 
  forms 
  it 
  into 
  wire, 
  and 
  

   drops 
  in 
  coils 
  into 
  a 
  pan 
  below. 
  The 
  coils 
  at 
  first 
  contain 
  about 
  20 
  

   pounds 
  of 
  solder, 
  but 
  are 
  afterwards 
  separated 
  into 
  sections 
  weighing 
  

   from 
  3 
  to 
  6 
  pounds 
  each 
  for 
  greater 
  convenience 
  in 
  using. 
  The 
  solder 
  

   kettle 
  is 
  usually 
  large 
  enough 
  to 
  hold 
  from 
  400 
  to 
  500 
  pounds 
  of 
  solder 
  

   at 
  one 
  time, 
  and 
  one 
  man 
  can 
  perform 
  the 
  work. 
  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  