﻿THE 
  HERRING 
  INDUSTRY 
  OF 
  THE 
  PASSAMAQUODDY 
  REGION. 
  479 
  

  

  after 
  the 
  sawdust 
  and 
  dampness 
  are 
  wiped 
  off, 
  are 
  ready 
  to 
  be 
  packed 
  

   in 
  tlie 
  wooden 
  boxes 
  or 
  cases 
  for 
  shipment. 
  In 
  each 
  case 
  there 
  are 
  100 
  

   cans 
  of 
  the 
  quarter 
  or 
  half 
  sizes, 
  or 
  .50 
  cans 
  of 
  the 
  three-quarter 
  size. 
  

   The 
  latter, 
  when 
  packed 
  in 
  vinegar 
  and 
  spices, 
  are 
  called 
  "marinees." 
  

  

  Pomace 
  and 
  oil. 
  — 
  The 
  "fish 
  cuttings" 
  and 
  refuse 
  fish 
  which 
  accumu- 
  

   late 
  at 
  the 
  canneries 
  are 
  made 
  into 
  pomace 
  and 
  sold 
  for 
  fertilizer. 
  

   When 
  the 
  herring 
  are 
  cut 
  for 
  sardines 
  the 
  " 
  cuttings," 
  which 
  include 
  

   the 
  heads 
  and 
  viscera, 
  are 
  first 
  deposited 
  in 
  barrels. 
  They 
  are 
  after- 
  

   wards 
  removed 
  to 
  the 
  press 
  room 
  and 
  emptied 
  in 
  a 
  heap 
  on 
  the 
  floor, 
  

   being 
  spread 
  in 
  layers 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  salt, 
  to 
  prevent 
  them 
  from 
  

   decomposing. 
  The 
  quantity 
  of 
  salt 
  used 
  is 
  about 
  3 
  bushels 
  to 
  5 
  barrels 
  

   of 
  cuttings. 
  After 
  remaining 
  in 
  the 
  salt 
  a 
  short 
  time 
  they 
  are 
  put 
  

   into 
  three 
  quarter 
  hogshead 
  tubs 
  and 
  thoroughly 
  cooked 
  with 
  steam. 
  

   The 
  steam 
  is 
  conveyed 
  from 
  the 
  boiler 
  of 
  the 
  engine 
  through 
  a 
  pipe, 
  

   open 
  at 
  the 
  end, 
  which 
  enters 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  tub 
  near 
  the 
  bottom. 
  The 
  

   tubs 
  are 
  kept 
  covered 
  while 
  the 
  fish 
  are 
  cooking. 
  After 
  being 
  cooked, 
  

   the 
  cuttings 
  are 
  dipped 
  with 
  scoop 
  nets 
  from 
  the 
  tubs 
  into 
  the 
  pomace 
  

   presses. 
  There 
  are 
  usually 
  two 
  of 
  these 
  presses 
  used 
  in 
  each 
  cannery. 
  

   They 
  are 
  so 
  arranged 
  that 
  one 
  end 
  can 
  be 
  removed 
  for 
  convenience 
  in 
  

   taking 
  out 
  the 
  pomace 
  after 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  pressed. 
  The 
  pressure 
  is 
  

   applied 
  with 
  a 
  jackscrew 
  operated 
  by 
  hand. 
  While 
  the 
  fish 
  are 
  being 
  

   pressed 
  the 
  oil 
  and 
  water 
  which 
  they 
  contain 
  are 
  carried 
  off 
  into 
  an 
  oil 
  

   tank 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  an 
  open 
  spout. 
  The 
  pomace, 
  when 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  

   press, 
  is 
  packed 
  into 
  barrels 
  which 
  are 
  made 
  for 
  that 
  purpose 
  and 
  hold 
  

   about 
  275 
  pounds 
  each. 
  It 
  is 
  sold 
  largely 
  to 
  farmers 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  

   at 
  an 
  average 
  of 
  about 
  $9 
  per 
  ton. 
  The 
  oil 
  is 
  skimmed 
  off 
  the 
  water 
  

   in 
  the 
  tanks 
  and 
  put 
  in 
  barrels 
  for 
  shipment. 
  The 
  price 
  received 
  in 
  

   1895 
  was 
  about 
  14 
  cents 
  per 
  gallon. 
  The 
  prices 
  for 
  pomace 
  and 
  oil 
  

   have 
  declined 
  considerably 
  during 
  the 
  past 
  few 
  years. 
  

  

  It 
  requires 
  about 
  3 
  hogsheads 
  of 
  fish 
  to 
  yield 
  1 
  hogshead 
  of 
  cuttings 
  

   and 
  5 
  hogsheads 
  of 
  cuttings 
  to 
  make 
  1 
  ton 
  of 
  pomace. 
  It 
  is 
  generally 
  

   estimated 
  that 
  the 
  yield 
  of 
  oil 
  to 
  each 
  ton 
  of 
  pomace 
  is 
  from 
  20 
  to 
  23 
  

   gallons, 
  but 
  the 
  proportions 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  two 
  products 
  are 
  sold 
  show 
  

   the 
  average 
  quantity 
  of 
  oil 
  to 
  the 
  ton 
  of 
  pomace 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  little 
  less 
  than 
  

   16 
  gallons. 
  

  

  Refuse 
  products. 
  — 
  Refuse 
  fish 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  converted 
  into 
  pomace 
  

   and 
  oil 
  are 
  either 
  sold 
  by 
  the 
  barrel 
  to 
  the 
  farmers 
  for 
  fertilizer 
  or 
  to 
  

   a 
  factory 
  which 
  was 
  established 
  at 
  Eastport 
  in 
  1803 
  and 
  has 
  since 
  been 
  

   engaged 
  in 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  various 
  grades 
  of 
  fish 
  fertilizer, 
  chiefly 
  

   from 
  the 
  refuse 
  or 
  damaged 
  fish 
  obtained 
  at 
  the 
  canneries 
  and 
  smoke- 
  

   houses 
  in 
  that 
  vicinity. 
  The 
  refuse 
  of 
  tin 
  and 
  soldering 
  coppers 
  and 
  

   the 
  solder 
  dross 
  are 
  also 
  to 
  a 
  great 
  extent 
  saved 
  and 
  sold. 
  

  

  Extent 
  of 
  the 
  sardine 
  industry.— 
  There 
  were 
  36 
  sardine 
  canneries 
  

   operated 
  in 
  1895, 
  having 
  a 
  value 
  of 
  8250,500, 
  and 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  cash 
  

   capital 
  was 
  $426,100. 
  There 
  were 
  also 
  88 
  collecting 
  boats 
  and 
  lighters 
  

   used 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  canneries, 
  valued 
  at 
  $32,437. 
  the 
  total 
  

   investment 
  of 
  fixed 
  and 
  working 
  capital 
  being 
  $709,037. 
  The 
  number 
  

  

  