f^] GILL-NETS IN THE COD FISHERY. 267 



others of smaller size that are held to the nets by a foot-liue oue e.,,1 of 

 which ,s fastened to the stone which lies o„ the bottom, and the ^ ler 

 to he rope that connects the lower corners of the nets oscther Th" 

 User stones are generally slung with rope, but sometimes the e is a 



be fastened" T" ' f" ""' '■"' ''' "' ""«' "> -"'* *"« f"«t.li,K,la 

 l>e Ubtened. Iron anchors arc not used, as the nets are liable to bo. to,-, 



on them should they settle on the bottom. Plates VI and V ^sL°n" 

 Low the moonng rocks and the other stones are attached to th. ne's 



Buoys o different kinds are used by the Norwegian flshementt 

 according to Mr. Walle.n, at the Loffoden Islands gfass buo,v? 1 vi„ "t 

 capacty of fron. three to five gallons, are the ,Lt .oZo\ Tklsl 



h tl^r around a stTff"'' T """" K'""'' "^ '^^"^"'"S — ' "^ the 

 tter aiound a staff, as shown m Plate X. The glass buovs of both 



knulsare employed in the trawl as well as the net fishery hey wU 



se to the surface again after having been under water for eve tl da 



an advantage not possessed by other kinds, an<l it seems that l,u„ ' rf 



^L'Xlor,";''" '^ P-^'^Wyused by our bank-flshe™::^\ ho 



requently lose large quantities of gear on account of the wooden ke- 



huoys bursting and filling with water when they are sub,,^""" u" anf 



l^nsiderable depth. Hard-wood iron-bound kegs are i^ b lie J^' 



e on the nets, are fastened to the bight of the buoy-line, at cliflVreut 

 distances from the buoy, for the purpose of keeping the s la k o~ 

 f om going on the bottom when there is no current. Where there is a 

 IZiX ■T°'>-'''""y "'■ '"« '-ge buoy being drawn md r he 

 with a line, these serving as " watch buoys " for the other Pl.,,te V 

 shows how the glass floats are fastened to'ihe buoy-lhic and buoy 



2— Newfoundland methods. 

 mlde'oft! """f °^'"' ■" ''■^ Newfoundland cod fisheries are usually 



(3 inches s^uaret a hir erd' ^ bTg ^q^rri^.^ ILi'l'tt 

 t at generally frequent that coast. The net^ vary « leng h t "n 5« 

 *.0 fathoms, and iu depth from 3 to 4 tathoms. They are hung o the 

 i hulh ZTZr T''"' ^°™"«'^" -^« are,1h:Lt:hilt ug 



net bec°aut vl e " ? , '""'• """" '^ "^^" °" ""> '""o^ P»' "t the 

 br'bit oft t; I TfT '" ""* """""'' ''™--'" ""« "«»"1 P'"bably 

 the net ^ «™»°1-«l'arks, thereby causing the loss of a portion o^' 



taifairtTr'^hllif tV'' f,T*r'"^'»'"' "'^"""e" ™»ke a mixture of 

 1 ana tai, which is thought better than either used senaratelv The 

 tan ,s commonly made from spruce buds, fir bark, and bi^lbai^- (him 



