[7) ADMIXISTEATrON OF NORWEGIAN FISHERIES. 359 



der the Goverumeiit. Pro\ iiices, towns, or private individuals cau, sub- 

 ject to tbe approval of the Government, appoint special officers to watch 

 over the fishing interests. Such persons are duly sworn in, and in the 

 performance of their duty have the same powers as police officers. 



In Naples there is a zoological station {Napoli Stazione Zoologia) 

 which, though a private establishment, is supported by international 

 contributions. Germany contributes annually $7,236; and several 

 other countries give a total sum of $8,040. For every student sent to 

 this station an annual sum of $402 is paid. Italy has G students' places, 

 Prussia 3, and Eussia 2. In all there are 22 places. In 18<S4 an inter- 

 national subscription was taken up to buy a steamer for practical and 

 scientific investigations in the Mediterranean. 



England.— There is no public functionary who has charge of the 

 salt-water fisheries. They belong under the Board of Trade, which has 

 special investigations made by commissioners or experts specially ap- 

 pointed for this purpose. The wish, however, has often been expr.'ssed 

 in many journals to have the Government take charge of the salt-water 

 fisheries. 



During the last few^ years two private associations have been formed : 

 the National Fish Culture Association, whose aim is to encourage arti- 

 ficial fish-culture ; and the National Sea-Fiaheries Protection Associa- 

 tion, principaUy formed to protect the interests of its own members. 

 An association formed in 1861— the Fisheries Preservation Associa- 

 tion—aims especially at preserving the stock of fish. For the fresh- 

 water fisheries there are two inspectors, who are under the Home Office. 

 There are nnmerous private associations and clubs for the preservation 

 and promotion of the freshwater fisheries. 



Scotland.— From 1809 to 1882 the fisheries, principally herring 

 fisheries, were under the Board of British White-Herring Fishery, com*^ 

 posed of nineteen members chosen by the Government. They' were 

 selected principally from among the nobility and men of science, while 

 men directly interested in the fisheries were excluded by law. The busi- 

 ness was done by a secretary, who had his office, with five clerks, in Edin- 

 burgh. Under this board there was a general inspector, an assistant 

 inspector, and 26 inspectors, some having assistants. At the disposal 

 of the board there were several vessels, one of them belonging to the 

 board, and the others furnished by the navy. The duties of the board 

 consisted principally in branding the herring barrels, collecting statistics 

 of the fisheries, and taking general supervision of the fisheries. Since 

 1828 the board has enjoyed an annual government appropriation of 

 $U,472 for improving harbors. The conditions under which this appro- 

 priation is granted are that the work is done by the engineers of the 

 board, and that the persons interested in the matter pay at least one- 

 fourtb of the expenses. 



This board (whose members had no salary) did not prove satisfactory, 

 and it was reorganized in 1882. Its official name was changed to Fish- 



