[19] FAILURES AND SUCCESSES OF FISTT-CULTURE. 455 



in England, however, feel convinced that artificial fish-culture has con- 

 tributed its share towards the development of the salmon fisheries, of 

 course aided by the strict prohibitory measures, to which our German 

 fishermen object so mucli. It is beyond a doubt that the hirge salmon- 

 cultural establishment at Stormontfiekl has greatly promoted the Tay 

 salmon fisheries. I possess no extended information relative to the 

 Englisli fisheries, but I have been told recently that in July, 1883, the 

 Scotch salmon fisheries were exceptionally productive, especially near 

 Carloway, Loch Eesort, Uig, and Kean. One hundred salmon hav(5 

 been caught there at a single haul, weighing from 10 to 30 pounds 

 apiece. In consequence of these rich fisheries the price of salmon fell 

 to 6 pence per pound. At the same time great quantities of salmon 

 were observed near the Lewis Islands. People there are generally con- 

 vinced that these results are due to artificial salmon-culture in connec- 

 tion with the prohibitory measures {Deutsche Fischerei-Zeifung, 1883, 

 p. 279). As far as I can learn, people in England are likewise satisfied 

 with the results of artificial trout-culture^ and during his visit to the 

 London Exhibition, Professor Malm gren might have learned that peo- 

 ple in England do not share his gloomy views regarding artificial fish- 

 culture in general. 



A very encouraging fact is mentioned regarding Loch Leven ; one 

 hundred years ago the income from the fisheries in that lake did not 

 amount to more than £700 per annum, while now, thanks to artificial 

 lish-culture, it is upwards of £3,000 [$15,000]. As an instance of the 

 way in which even comparatively poor fishermen are benefited by arti- 

 ficial fish-culture, we may mention the fishermen of Costa (Yorkshire), 

 who annually plant from 12,000 to 14,000 trout fry in their waters and 

 obtain very good results. (See report by Eaveret WattQl in Circulars 

 of the German Fishery Association, 1882, p. 65.) The number of fish- 

 ery associations in England is very great. Unfortunatelj^ the English 

 waters, in spite of all prohibitory measures, suffer frequently from the 

 injurious influences of manufactures, and artificial fish-culture will 

 doubtless do its share towards remedying this evil. 



SWEDEN. 



The great activity in the field of artificial fish -culture which we find 

 in Sweden, is, according to Professor Malmgren, without any result as 

 regards the increase of fish in the open waters. He mentions, among 

 the rest, the closing by the Government of the normal fish-cultural es- 

 tablishment of Ostanbeck, after it had been in existence for eighteen 

 years. I do not. know -what circumstances have brought about this re- 

 sult, but it seems to me a forced conclusion to consider it, as Professor 

 Malmgren does, as an indication of the decline of artificial fish-culture 

 in Sweden, especially if we consider the undoubted results of artificial 

 fish-culture in other parts of that country. 



Before I give any instances I must once more refer to the difliculties 



