456 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [20] 



already meutionecl under the head of Eiissia, under which fish-culture 

 labors in the North of Europe, owing to ihe spring-water theory. If 

 fish culture in Sweden had not to suffer from these difficulties it would 

 undoubtedly be able to show much greater results. Mr. von Yhlen, the 

 Swedish inspector of fisheries, discussed this whole question some years 

 ago in an article on "salmon-culture in Sweden" {Deutsche Fischerei- 

 Zeitung, 1880, pp. 130, 189, and 214), and has recommended the use of 

 ice for cooling the spring water. 



In spite of this, artificial salmon-culture in Sweden has not been a 

 vain labor, as Professor Malmgren seems to think it has. Although the 

 data in my possession are very scanty, they nevertheless show some 

 remarkable instances of the success of salmon-culture. According to 

 the ofiflcial report, Sweden, in 1883, had 60 fish-cultural establishments, 

 mostly' engaged in salmon-culture {Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, 1883, p. 

 45). The following data will show that, on the whole, the labor of 

 these establishments has not been in vain. In 1870 the Nissa Eiver, 

 which flows into the Cattegat near Halmstad, did not contain a single 

 salmon. After it had been stocked with salmon fry, 25,000 pounds of 

 salmon were caught in 1878, a result which, in Sweden, is traced directly 

 to fish-culture. (See Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, 1878, p. 355.) 



Salmon culture is also carried on on the Laga Eiver (which flows 

 into the Cattegat south of the Nissa). The salmon fisheries in that 

 river had steadily increased for several years, and in the autumn of 

 1881 such an extraordinarily large number of salmon was observed that, 

 near Karsefors, they actually- filled the river from bank to bank. 

 (See Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, 1882, p. 237.) 



On the Ljusue Eiver, wLich flows into the Gulf of Bothnia, and which 

 possesses several salmon-cultural establishments, the salmon fisheries 

 are exceedingly productive. Near Ljusue, where the principal salmon- 

 fisheries are carried on, there were caught, in 1881, 3,432 salmon, weigh- 

 ing G7,1G0 pounds, and valued at 30,481 crowns [$8,1C8.90J ; and this 

 result is considered as entirely due to the fact that salmon fry have been 

 repeatedly planted in the Ljusne Eiver. 



Near Carlstad, on the Wener Lake, the salmon fisheries became un- 

 usually productive towards the middle of June, 1883, from 400 to 500 

 sjilmon being brought to market every day {Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, 

 1883, p. 219). Are we not justified in ascribing this to the results of 

 salmon-culture on the Klar Eiver, which flows into the Wener Lake ? 



NORWAY. 



The reports on artificial fish-culture in Norway, and especially on sal- 

 mon-culture, are somewhat contradictory 5 but, on the whole, the results 

 do not appear to have been very satisfactory. 



As Professor Malm.c^ren shows from official documents, 240 private 

 iish-cultural establishments bavebeen started in Norway since 185C, tlie 

 majority of which were engaged in the culture of trout, salbling, and 



