460 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [24] 



flsb, measnrmg from 4 to G iuclies in lengtli, sometliiug wliicb liad never 

 been observed before. {Deutsche Fischerei-Zeitung, 1882, p. 369.) 



Artificial fish-cnlture in the United States has been materially aided 

 by the Government, and has been very snccessfnl. It shonld, however, 

 be remembered that all these experiments have been made in the Ameri- 

 can style, that is, on a vast scale, the nnmber of yimng fry planted far 

 exceeding those planted in Germany. 



CANADA. 



The same zeal for promoting the fisheries has been displayed in 

 Canada, in whose waters the number of lish had more or less de- 

 creased. Since the end of the sixth decade of the present century it 

 has been the aim of the Canadian Government to promote the fisheries 

 by suitable i)rohibitory measures, by aiding artificial fish -culture, and 

 by constructing fish-ways. As Professor Malmgren states in his ])am- 

 l)hlet, it was Samuel Wilraot who earned great credit by introducing 

 artificial fish-culture in Canada. In the autumn of 1860 Wilmot nuule 

 the first experiments with salmon-culture in IJaUlwin Creek (now Wil- 

 mot's Creek), a snuiU river in Ontario. At that time salmon were not 

 frequent in that part of Canada, for in the autumn of 1867 only about 

 ;>() were caught. In the autumn of 1868 inimerous young salmon made 

 their appearance in Wihiiot's Creek, measuring about 22 inches in 

 length ; among all these salmon there were only three old ones. For 

 twenty years no young salmon had been seen in these waters, and there 

 could hardly beany doubt that this was a result of artificial fish-culture. 

 Tlie continued planting of fry since 1868 has tended to increase the num- 

 bei- of salmon, so that in 18(59 in the fish-house, which the salmon enter 

 of their own accord for the purpose of spawning, more than three-hun- 

 «lred were observed at one and the same time. A great many more, 

 engaged in spawning, were observed in the portion of the river extend- 

 ing from the fish-house to the lake (two English miles). (See »Iagor, 

 Fisehtrei in Kanada^ in Circulars of the German Fishery Association, 

 1873, pp. 20 and 21.) 



After sucli favorable residts tlu^ Canadian (lovernment has not failed 

 to extend material aid to^'artificial fish-culture, so that in 1881 there 

 were ten hatcheries where, besides salmon, the wliitcfish (a kind of 

 mardiie), lake trout, and brook trout were cultivated, the two last-men- 

 tioned kinds, however, only on a limited scale. Satisfactory results 

 were reached with whitefish in the Detroit Kiver. where the Canadians in 

 1878 caught 45,800 ; in 1879, 77,700; and in 1880, 103,.500. The current 

 expenses for Canadian fish-culture in 1880 amounted to 12,000 marks 

 [$2,856], and in that same year 21,500,000 fry were produced, among 

 these 1,800,000 whitefish. In rivers where the salmon had become ex- 

 (ieedingly rare, these fish have increased from year to year, thanks to 

 the active efforts in the matter of fish-culture. (See Eaveret-Wattel's 

 llejjort on Foreign Fisheries in Circulars of the German Fishery Asso- 



