[33] 



POND CULTURE. 



499 



neighborhood these fascines can be prepared rapidly, and if there 

 are enougli ^Tillo^vs near by, they are to be preferred to any other kiud 

 ot covermg. If there are not enough ^yillo^vs, the brandies of pophirs 

 aklers, hazel" bushes, birches, &c., may be used. If the number of 

 willows IS not sufficient to supply all, or at least one-l.alf, of the fas 

 ciues, one may alternately place one row of willow fascines and a row of 

 those made of other material, or in making the fascines the willow 

 branches may be put on the outside and the others inside. If the wil 

 lows will not suffice for this, it will be advisable to use wicker-work for 

 the covering of the dike. The branches or sticks used for fascines should 

 be as long as possible and not more tlian 5 centimeters thick For tvino- 

 the bundles thin willow branches will be best, and if these cannot, 

 be obtained, thin branches of wild grape-vines, birches, and hazel 

 bushes. It will m every respect be found advantageous, if possible to 

 manufacture the fascines in the place where the material is found For 

 making fascines, so-called fascine benches will be needed. For makino- 

 these benches, which, as shown in the figure, should first be marked off 

 by pegs, there will be required 18 pegs, measuring to S centimeters in 

 thickness and 175 centimeters in length, and 18 bands to tie the fas- 

 cines. 



r-a...q...o...a...q...Q...Q...a..o..... 



'■—xj"b-t>—'0-v 



o— o— b— b" 



I In arranging the pegs, which cross each other, they should, especially 

 : If the ground is soft in the beginning, be placed almost perpendicularl v 

 \ ^l^d be gradually inclined till they reach the rope stretched at a distance 

 1 of 30 centimeters above the ground. At the place where the pegs cross 

 .each other they should be very firmly tied with willow branches or 

 j fastened with nails. Six men can make at least 30 pegs in twelve hours, 

 lit they are to be cut from solid wood, and a great 77 • ^/7 



many more if thin branches are used. For making ^^' ' 



[fascines a squad of five men needsone pairof fascine ^ (^ 



'pmchers (see the figure), one fascine knife, one stick 



(of the same length as the fascines are to be (one will . 



|be sufficient for three squads of laborers), one short and thin stick 30 centi- 



^meters long, for measuring the distances between the bands, a thin switch, 



^easily bent, for ascertaining the thickness (25 centimeters) of the fascines, 



