C'*^] POND CULTURE. gjS 



tlio I)igli-water mark they are cut down, so as to form a point resem 



. bhiio- a roof, and small boards or pieces of tin are nailed to the toi) so 



as to prevent it from rottino-. The /,y yr 



small boards should fit accurately so "^ 



that as little water as possible may 



ooze through ; and all cracks should 



be well closed with a mixture of clay 



and fine-cut straw, and covered with ^^^^^^ 



tar and sand. Where there is danger E^^^ 



that ice may press against the vertical ~ "3Z ~ 



pipe, it will be well to drive some piles 



in front of the pipe, so as to prevent the 



ice from loosening the small boards.* 



Delius says: " The exit-grate needs 



some arrangement to raise the water 



whicl, flows tbrougb it to n„y desired height, and cau.se it to ilow 

 out, for on tl„s depends the regulating of the height of «-ater in 

 the ponds. In large ponds only one vertical pipe can be used. Ivi h 

 Co! IT^ "?r*";»' ''''''• «'" ^«rt,ical pipe is placed ou the fou„. 

 the °raJe TlT "'-""^ «""■«>'='«• -'^^ ». "s well as with the top of 

 ; the grate. The open s.de is turned towards the pond, and each side 

 has a groove m which are inserted small close-fltting boards corre 

 I ^'o;"l."g o the height of the water. Only above these bo.ards c,a Te 



: The heilt oV H T "''' """ "' '"^^^"•"»" ""=■"' - «^*">S *»«» «C 

 ' he Me.!f « -^''r' '''■''"^' '''' "-^S"'^*''"- Tbe space between 



A the back the pipe has an opening in which is inserted a small pipe 

 .intended to carry farther the water eon>ing from above. The .s, aee 

 |.r« n< this small pipe is fined up with Cay well rammed down A 

 s 11 simpler arrangement, but only suitable for small ponds, is the so- 

 ,called monk. Instead of the found.ation-bean, a long pi, e is lakl 

 llthrougb the dike, so .as to project on both sides; with «iis pe s con 

 thele ■\rth:r""'r!"'n ^'"-S™-- -«• --" boards'i,!serr-i 



ijic, especially if the water is deep "+ -^ & 



|, According to Horak, vertical pipes are employed to advantage where 

 Cat rn'er'V'^?/': ^""'' '''''' ^^^^^^ '' ^« '^^^^^^ to keep th 



a ^ovc^l Tr'"" ";""■''' ""' '"'' '''' «"P^-fluous water will easily 

 m 1 / . ^^ ^''''''^ '^''y^''' ^^^^"^'^^t gradually by removino- one 

 Jittle board after the other till the bottom is reached.! 



yo\u,ch, ffamlhuch <Jer Fiseherei, 1804. (Manual of Fisheries. ) 

 TUelius, Tcichwirthschaft, pj). 87, 88. 

 tllorak, Tcichwirthschaft, 1869. 

 H. Mis. 68 33 



