632 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH ANDl FISHERIES* [166] 



fish during tlie warm season, it may be recommended to throw a piece 

 of ice into the keg or lay it on the lid of the bung-hole. Kegs have been 

 constructed where the ice is kept in a separate box attached to the bot- 

 tom of the keg. For long distances those means of transportation are 

 the most suitable where a self-acting apparatus introduces air into the 

 water. If the fish have been prepared for the journey in the manner 

 described above, if the kegs are not crowded too much, and if they are 

 placed on the wagon crosswise, even very tender fish can be transported 

 safely several days' journey. The kegs should not be more than 1 

 meter long, and if possible be obtuse at the ends, so that the fish can 

 lie side by side and not one on the top of the other. 



Without water. — Tscheiner teaches dificrent methods of sending carp 

 dry, Avhich should be mentioned here, as there may be cases where 

 this method of transportation will be more advantageous than that in 

 kegs, for instance, where the market is near, or if there is a lack of 

 kegs. Tscheiner says :* "If the cai-p are to be transported dry, it is 

 above everything else necessary to clean them well from all mud, which 

 is best done in some small shallow pond. After the carp have been 

 cleaned a cart is brought which has strong boards on all four sides, 

 and a thick layer of straw on the bottom. Hay kills the fish. To the 

 front part of the cart plaits of straw should be attached, but not too 

 firmly, so the fish can get enough air. After the cart has been pre- 

 pared, a number of carp are taken up with a i)ur8e-net and placed in 

 the cart in the following manner : The first carp is put in the straw, 

 back downward, close to the straw plait, so that its head rests on it. 

 The head and tail are kept in position by fresh, moist moss, and a few 

 stalks of straw made lough by water are pulled from the bottom of 

 the cart and laid crosswise over the fish. Another nest is made in the 

 straw, in which the second carp is laid close to the first; moss is placed 

 between the fish, and stalks of straw laid over them. In this way the 

 row is continued to the end. The second row is commenced by placing 

 the head of the first fish between the tails of the two last fish of the 

 first row. Care should be taken that the fish in the second row are 

 not hurt by the movements of the tails of those in the first row. This 

 process is continued until the bottom of the cart is completely covered. 

 As soon as a cart has received its load it should start immediately, 

 l)rior to which, however, the fish must be covered with a thin layer of 

 straw and a wet cloth. This must not delay the starting of the cart, 

 because rest is injurious to the fish when i)acked in this manner, while 

 motion is very beneficial to them. If the load of the cart is to be in- 

 creased by one or two rows, the carp must be placed in another way. 

 They are laid on the stomach, because when j)laced on the back the 

 weight of the upper rows would press too hard on the stomach of the 

 lower ones, while when laid on the stomach the hard back resists the 

 pressure which is brought to bear upon it. As the back of the carp is 



"Tscheiuer, Der uohlerfalirene Fischmeister, 1821. 



