634 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AN!)* FISHERIES. [168J 



hand-basket. After eiglit or ten hours it is taken out, the piece of apple 

 is taken from the gills, and fresh air is blown into them. After this 

 has been done, the fish is put in its natural position into water, which is 

 30 to 20 centimeters deep, if possible, where the water is running, holding 

 it with the hand all the time. If the lish does not move, air must be 

 blown into its gills once more. This process is repeated every day until ' 

 the destination is reached. All other kinds of fish, with the exception of 

 eels and tench are transported without any water. According to Von 

 Ehrenkreuz,* carp can be transported alive any day in the year, if a < 

 small piece of bread moistened with vinegar or brandy is put in its mouth 

 and renewed from time to time. The fish are enveloped in straw and 

 sewed up in a piece of linen. In winter the fish are packed loosely in 

 snow, when they get into a sort of torpor, from which they revive as 

 soon as they are carefully .put in water. During the transportation they 

 should not be left in a warm place for a single moment. Pike may also 

 be transported in this manner. 



X. — The BJEEPiNG of Fish. 



Inta7i1:s or small jwnds. — If at the autumn fisheries all the fish are not 

 immediately sold at the dike they should be placed in small ponds to be 

 kept till they can be sold with profit. Here they are kept both winter and 

 suminor, to be taken out as demand arises. There should be a greater or 

 less number of these ponds according to the extent of the pond fkrra, the 

 number of fish, and the number of difl^ierent kinds. These ponds should 

 be located as near the center of the i)ond farm as possible, so as to make 

 the transportation from the large ])onds less expensive and difficult. 

 Where large quantities of fish have to be kept, the ponds, or tanks, as 

 they are sometimes called, should be 10 meters long, 10 broad, and 3 

 deep. The depth of water, however, should be only 2 meters. It is ad- 

 visable to line the sides with brick- work and cover it with a coating of 

 cement. This becomes absolutely necessary if the soil is loose. If this 

 is not done, the sides should be made as smooth and firm as possible, so 

 that the fish cannot hurt themselves by pushing against any projecting 

 ])oints, such as stones, roots, &c. The bottom of carp tanks should be 

 covered with clay or loam, Mhich must be renewed every year; while 

 the bottom of tanks intended for pike, perch, and trout should be cov- 

 ered with gravel, and that of perch-pike tanks with sand. The sides 

 of the tank should slope gently, so.that during wiuter there is no danger 

 that the ice may injure the fish. The bottom of the tank must slope a 

 little towards the outflow pipes so that the mud may be carried that 

 way; and the pipe must be lower than the bottom, so that the tank can 

 be thoroughly cleaned of mud and laid dry. The pipes should have 

 grates on the inside of the tank, double grates placed at an angle being 

 the most suitable. In tanks where fish of prey are kept, these grates 



' Von Ehrenkreuz, Angelfischerei, 1873, p. 137. 



