[5] MATERIALS FOR A HISTORY OF THE SWORD-FISHES. 293 
XIPHIAS GLADIUs, Linnzus. 
Pory, Syn. Piscium Cubensium, ii, 1868, p. 379 (Xyphias gladius). 
STEINDACHNER, Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1868, p. 396 (measurement of a 
Spanish specimen). 
Hector, Trans. New Zealand Institute, vii, 1873, p, 246 (occurring at 
Auckland) (Ziphius gladius). 
Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vii, 1874, p. 211 (second occurrence 
at Auckland). : 
CHEESEMAN, Trans. New Zealand Inst., viii, 1875, p. 219 (Ziphias gladius, 
measurements of specimens from Shelly Bay, Auckland). 
GoopE, Cat. Fishes Bermudas, 1876, p. 45. 
GOoDE & BEAN, Cat. Fish. Mass. Bay, 1879, p. 14. 
GIGLIOLI, Catalogo Esp. Internat. di Pesca. Berlin, 1880, p. 88. 
LUTKEN, Vid. Selsk. Skr. 5te Rekke, Naturv. og math. Afd. xii, 6 (Spolia 
atlantica), pp. 441, 592, figs. 1, 2, 3, pl. ii, fig. 10 (notes upon the young 
of Xiphias gladius and related species), 
STEINDACHNER, Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1868, p. 396. 
Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst., viii, 1873, p. 211. 
Xiphias Rondeletii, LEACH, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Society, ii, 1818, p. 58. 
4.—POPULAR NAMES OF ALLIED AMERICAN SPECIES. 
The Sword-fish has been so long and so well known that its right to 
its peculiar name has seldom been infringed upon. The various species 
of Tetrapturus have sometimes shared its title, and this is not to be 
wondered at, since they closely resemble Xiphias gladius, and the ap- 
pellative has frequently been applied to the family Xtphiida—the Sword- 
fish family—which includes them all. 
The name Bill-fish, usually applied to the Tetrapturus albidus, a fish 
of the Sword-fish family often taken on our coast, and described below, 
is objectionable, since it is in many districts used for the various species 
of Belonide, the ‘“ Gar-fishes” or “Green-bones” (Belone truncata and 
others), which are members of the same fauna. Spear-fish is a much 
better name, and is recommended for adoption. 
The “Sail-fish”, Histiophorus americanus, is called by sailors in the 
south the “‘ Boohoo” or “ Woohoo”. ‘This is evidently a corrupted form 
of “Guebucu”, a name, apparently of Indian origin, given to the same 
fish in Brazil. It is possibile that the Tetrapturus is also called * Boo- 
hoo”, since the two genera are not sufficiently unlike to impress sailors 
with their differences. Bleeker states that in Sumatra the Malays call 
the related species, H. gladius, by the name Joohoo (Juhu), a curious co- 
incidence. The names may have been carried from the Malay Archipel- 
ago to South America, or vice versa, by navigators. 
In Cuba the Spear-fishes are called Aguja and Aguja de Paladas ; the 
Sail-fish, Aguja prieta or Aguja voladora; Tetrapturus albidus is specially 
known as the Aguja blunca, T. albidus as the Aguja de Casta. 
In the We&t Indies and Florida the Scabbard-fish or Silvery Hair-tail 
(Trichiurus lepturus), a form allied to the Xiphias, though not resembling 
it closely in external appearance, is often called ‘“ Sword-fish”. The 
