346 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [58] 
1. PENNELLA FILOSA (Linn.) Cuvier. 
Pennatula filosa, LINN. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. i, 1758, p. 819. 
Pennella filosa, CUVIER, Régne Anim, 2d ed. iii, 1830, p. 257.—Gufrin, 
Iconogr. de Régne Anim. de Cuvier, pt. v (Zoophytes), 1829~39, pl. ix, fig. 3. 
The females of this genus are characterized by the presence of hooks 
attached to the head—by which they cling to the animal they infest— 
four pairs of rudimentary feet on the ventral side, and an abdomen 
very well developed and furnished with a number of penniform append- 
ages, directed obliquely backward. The male is very small and nearly 
orbicular. The species P. filosa has a long, narrow, and straight body, 
and a large head, carrying behind two short, obtuse hooks. 
It fastens itself in large numbers to the gills of the Sword-fish, greatly 
inconveniencing it in the act of breathing. 
2. PENNELLA CosTAtl, Richiardi. 
Pennella Costaii, RICHIARDI (name only), Expos. Intern. di Pesca, Berlin, 
Sez. Ital. Cat. 1880, p. 150. 
No description of this species is given in the place cited above. It 
lives in the flesh of the Sword-fish. 
3. PHILICHTHYS XIPHIZ, Steenstrup. 
Philichthys xiphie, STEENSTRUP, Soc. R. Scient. Hafn. Act. Consp. 1861, p. 295. 
This animal lives in the cavities and canals of the frontal bone of the 
Sword-fish. The descriptions of this and the two succeeding species 
were not accessible to me. 
4, BRACHIELLA RAMOSA, Richiardi. 
Brachiella ramosa (name only), RICHIARDI, Expos. Intern. di Pesca, Berlin, 
Sez. Ital. Cat. 1880, p. 151. i 
This parasite hangs on the gills of the Sword-fish. 
5. CHONDRACANTHUS XIPHLE, Cuvier? 
Chondracanthus xiphie, GUERIN, Icon. Régne Anim. de Cuvier, pt. v (Zoophy- 
tes), 1829~39, pl. ix, fig. 20.—MILNE-Epwarps, Hist. Nat des Crust. iii, 
1840, p. 504, 
This species also lives on the gills of the Sword-fish. 
45.—FISH-PARASITES—THE SUCKERS OR REMORAS. 
Several species of “stay-ships” or “‘remoras” occur on our coast. 
The ordinary kinds, such as Leptecheneis naucrateoides, the one with a 
black stripe down its side and white corners to its caudal fin, appears 
to choose companionship with the sharks, while the oceanic species, 
Echeneis remora, is most often found clinging to ships. 
A third species, Remoropsis brachyptera, is the particular parasite of 
the Sword-fish. I have several times identified it when found attached 
to the fish, and have never known it to be found on any other species. 
It has never come to us, moreover, from locality and season which 
