XVIIT.—POND-CULTIVATION ON THE KANIOW ESTATE (DISTRICT 
OF BIALA, GALICIA), THE PROPERTY OF HIS IMPERIAL HIGH- 
NESS, ARCHDUKE ALBRECHT OF AUSTRIA. 
Paper prepared for the International Fishery Exposition at Berlin, 1881, 
By ADOLF Gascu, the present farmer of Kaniébw.” 
It is not my present intention to write a manual of pond-cultivation. 
The sole object of the following monograph is to present a sketch of 
pond-cultivation at Kaniéw as it is actually carried on, with all its de- 
fects and excellencies, for exhibition, criticism, and, possibly, imita- 
tion; and, in presenting this sketch, I shall treat the subject principally 
from an agricultural point of view, as the Berlin Agricultural Club will 
mainly view the subject from that stand-point. 
The special data relative to pisciculture have reference only to carp, 
as the principal object of fresh-water fisheries, although they will apply 
more or less‘to all fresh-water fish, at least to all those fish which form 
objects of special cultivation. 
The domain of Kaniéw (and Mirowec) which belongs to His Imperial 
Highness Arch Duke Albrecht of Austria, lies north of the Beskiden 
range in the lowlands of the Vistula, on the right bank of the river Bi- 
alka, which forms the boundary line between Galicia and Austrian 
Silesia, and near its confluence with the Vistula. On its territory, 
comprising 1,000 Austrian acres (575.46 hectares,) it shows all the char- 
acteristics of old alluvia of a large river and a mountain stream com- 
bined; clay alternates with occasional rocky strata, sand, loam, and 
humus in this bottom land, from which the water has receded. Fully 
one-half of the estate has a heavy clay soil, one-fourth is composed of 
peat-bogs and sand, and the rest has a light loamy humus-like soil. 
With the exception of the sand all these soils contain iron. ‘They are 
damp, and, in some places, even marshy, but show a rich vegetation of 
erass and clover, probably owing to their strong alkaline qualities 
caused by the decay of the carpathian sandstone; and this peculiarity 
is still more favored by the exceedingly moist climate. Till within four 
years the estate was frequently subject to inundations. Since, more- 
over, the water of the Bialka, which passes the manufacturing towns of 
* Die | Teichwirthschaft | auf dem | Sr. Kaiserlichen Hoheit dem Herrn Erzherzog Albrecht 
ron Oesterreich | gehdrigen Gute | Kaniéw, | Bezirk Biala, Galizien. | Zur internationalen 
Fischereiausstellung in Berlin | im Jahre 1880, | dargestellt rom gegenwéirtigen Pachter | 
Adolf Gasch.”—Translated by HERMAN JACOBSON, 533 
