[7] RAISE CARP. | 679 
through a gravel weir. Such a weir is made by placing a grating inthe 
feeding-ditch and filling the ditch with coarse gravel of the size of walnuts. 
Pike of the previous year cannot pass the weir, and the young pike are 
too small to disturb the carp in their spawnirg process; they grow so 
rapidly, however, that they devour many small carp till the autumn 
fisheries commence. Such pond feeders should, therefore, be avoided as 
much as possible during the period when the young pike can still pass 
the gravel—from March till the beginning of the opening season of the 
carp. Following the example of Bohemian pond-culturists, I have, so 
far, stocked 2-hectare spawning-ponds, with 10 spawners, 6 milters, and 
1 male carp weighing one pound, and obtained during one summer on an 
average 100,000 young carp (the maximum being 150,000). Spawners 
weighing 4 to 6 pounds are the best, as larger fish are too indolent. 
The fishing of the ponds takes place during a cool season, inspring or 
autumn, when there is no danger of any frost. It will be well to intro- 
duce fresh water into the fish-pits during the fisheries, so as to freshen 
up the fish at all times. As soon as the water has been drawn off, and 
the water-area has been diminished to about one-fifth or one-tenth of 
its original size, fishing commences, care being taken that the fish never 
lack fresh water, by occasionally stopping the draining process or by 
introducing fresh water. The edge of the fish-pit is covered with boards 
and reeds, and on the edge of the water large tubs are placed filled with 
fresh water. From the net the carp are removed to these tubs, cleaned 
from mud and dirt, counted, put in the transporting vessels and carried 
as quickly as possible to their destination. As in catching the fish the 
water is stirred up and becomes muddy, and as the fish more or less in- 
hale this impure water, it has to be removed from the gills. Carp which 
are to be transported any considerable distance are therefore, some days 
previous, placed in clear running water, where they are not given any 
food whatever, so that they may be thoroughly purified, and do not make 
the water impure by their excrements. The temperature of the water 
should, at most, be 10° Réaumur; the lower the better. One of my 
friends in Pomerania has calculated the necessary quantity of water, in 
the following manner, from the weight of the fish and the time consumed 
in transportation. 
Excess of weight of water over-weight of body during a period of transportation lasting : 
| 
ey? 
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12 15 18 
| Carp. 10 bours. E hours, s0hours, 40 hours. 
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The result obtained in my spawning-ponds is entirely thrown in the 
shade by that obtained by Mr. Gasch; but,in order not to make any 
rash calculations, I will make my result the basis, and assume that a 
~ spawning-pond of 1 hectare produces annually 50,000 carp of one suin- 
mer. Supposing that 1 hectare of water, containing fish of prey, needs 
