﻿284 
  PEOCEEDiyCiS 
  of 
  the 
  national 
  museum. 
  vol. 
  XX. 
  

  

  ]\[. 
  derorator 
  was 
  founded 
  upon 
  specimens 
  of 
  strikingly 
  contrasted 
  

   coloration 
  found 
  in 
  Texas, 
  wliich 
  I 
  liave 
  since 
  seen 
  from 
  many 
  other 
  

   places; 
  but 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  united 
  with 
  the 
  type 
  by 
  complete 
  series 
  of 
  

   intergrades, 
  I 
  am 
  forced 
  to 
  conclude 
  them 
  to 
  be 
  only 
  extreme 
  color- 
  

   atioual 
  variations, 
  which 
  can 
  not 
  be 
  dignified 
  even 
  as 
  races. 
  

  

  Specimens 
  with 
  green 
  or 
  greenish 
  hiud 
  tibiae 
  have 
  been 
  seen 
  by 
  me 
  

   from 
  the 
  alpine 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  White 
  ^Mountains, 
  i^ew 
  Hampshire, 
  Cape 
  

   Cod, 
  Kantucket, 
  Great 
  Island, 
  and 
  Cambridge, 
  Massachusetts, 
  Utah, 
  

   Carrizo 
  Springs, 
  Texas, 
  and 
  Querataro, 
  Mexico. 
  

  

  There 
  can 
  be 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  true 
  fe^mir-rnbr 
  urn 
  of 
  De 
  Geer, 
  

   since 
  Stiil 
  has 
  described 
  the 
  anal 
  cerci 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  from 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  

   De 
  Geer's 
  description, 
  and 
  I 
  myself 
  made 
  direct 
  comparisons 
  with 
  

   varied 
  material 
  when 
  in 
  Sweden, 
  nearly 
  thirty 
  years 
  ago. 
  

  

  In 
  Hayden's 
  report 
  on 
  the 
  survey 
  of 
  i^ebraska 
  (1872), 
  I 
  collected 
  

   several 
  accounts, 
  printed 
  and 
  unpublished, 
  of 
  the 
  injury 
  to 
  crops 
  attrib- 
  

   uted 
  to 
  this 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  United 
  States. 
  As 
  up 
  to 
  that 
  time 
  

   31. 
  atlanis 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  distinguished 
  from 
  Jir.fcmnr 
  ruhnim, 
  it 
  is 
  pos- 
  

   sible, 
  and 
  I 
  am 
  now 
  inclined 
  to 
  think 
  it 
  probable, 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  serious 
  

   injury 
  done 
  to 
  crops 
  in 
  the 
  East 
  is 
  done 
  by 
  M. 
  afJanis; 
  for 
  although 
  

   almost 
  everywhere 
  less 
  common 
  than 
  M. 
  femnr-ruhrvm, 
  21. 
  atlanis 
  has 
  

   been 
  shown 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  capacity 
  for 
  immense 
  multiplication, 
  and 
  has 
  

   been 
  directly 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  culi)rit 
  in 
  some 
  instances; 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  

   much 
  more 
  closely 
  and 
  indeed 
  verj" 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  destructive 
  

   locust 
  of 
  the 
  West, 
  M. 
  sprefus, 
  it 
  is 
  far 
  more 
  likely 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  

   actual 
  pest 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  records 
  of 
  the 
  past. 
  At 
  least 
  until 
  direcr. 
  provable 
  

   charges 
  are 
  made 
  against 
  it, 
  ill. 
  femur-ruhrum 
  should 
  be 
  looked 
  upon 
  

   as 
  less 
  injurious 
  than 
  M. 
  atlanis 
  ', 
  it 
  is 
  especially 
  doubtful 
  whether 
  it 
  

   ever 
  migrates 
  in, 
  aerial 
  swarms; 
  as 
  a 
  general 
  rule 
  the 
  tegmina 
  and 
  

   wings 
  are 
  longer 
  in 
  ill. 
  atlanis 
  than 
  in 
  21. 
  f 
  cm 
  nr-rub 
  rum, 
  though 
  both 
  

   species 
  vary 
  considerably 
  and 
  intergrade 
  in 
  that 
  particular. 
  From 
  

   measurements 
  made 
  on 
  Missouri 
  specimens, 
  Eiley 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  teg- 
  

   mina 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  species 
  extended 
  beyond 
  the 
  abdomen 
  as 
  follows: 
  

   In 
  28 
  males, 
  0-2 
  mm., 
  average, 
  0.8 
  mm.; 
  in 
  54 
  females, 
  0-3 
  mm., 
  aver- 
  

   age, 
  1.1 
  mm. 
  

  

  Bruner 
  excellently 
  expresses 
  the 
  fact 
  when 
  he 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  imme- 
  

   diate 
  distribution 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  "appears 
  to 
  be 
  controlled 
  altogether 
  by 
  

   climatic 
  conditions, 
  the 
  chief 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  j^resence 
  of 
  a 
  certain 
  

   amount 
  of 
  humidity. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  frequenter 
  of 
  low 
  grounds, 
  culti- 
  

   vated 
  fields, 
  vshady 
  margins 
  of 
  woods, 
  etc., 
  where 
  A^egetation 
  is 
  rank 
  

   and 
  tender." 
  It 
  is 
  rarely 
  found 
  upon 
  dry 
  hillsides 
  when 
  meadows 
  close 
  

   at 
  hand 
  may 
  swarm 
  with 
  them, 
  while 
  the 
  opposite 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  other 
  

   si)ecies, 
  21. 
  coUiniis 
  for 
  instance; 
  yet 
  such 
  specimens 
  as 
  do 
  so 
  occur 
  will 
  

   be 
  found 
  to 
  difler 
  from 
  those 
  inhabiting 
  more 
  favored 
  localities, 
  in 
  being 
  

   lighter 
  colored 
  and 
  more 
  uniformly 
  grayish 
  in 
  tone, 
  with 
  slighter 
  con- 
  

   trasts; 
  those 
  from 
  drier 
  stations 
  appear 
  also 
  to 
  have 
  on 
  the 
  average 
  

   rather 
  shorter 
  wings. 
  

  

  