﻿354 
  PEOCEEDIXGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  XATIOXAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  vol.xx. 
  

  

  Professor 
  Lawrence 
  Bruuer 
  gives 
  tlie 
  following 
  excellent 
  summary 
  of 
  

   its 
  destructiveness 
  and 
  habits: 
  

  

  This 
  insect 
  lias 
  very 
  fie(iueiitly 
  multiplied 
  in 
  such 
  numbers 
  in 
  limited 
  ureas 
  over 
  

   its 
  rnuge 
  as 
  to 
  do 
  cousiderMhlc 
  injury 
  to 
  cultivated 
  crops 
  growing 
  upon 
  low, 
  moist 
  

   ground; 
  aud 
  has 
  even 
  been 
  known 
  very 
  Irequently 
  to 
  spread 
  over 
  higher 
  and 
  dryer 
  

   lands 
  adjoining 
  these, 
  its 
  customary 
  haunts. 
  It 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  few 
  species 
  of 
  locusts 
  

   that 
  has 
  thus 
  far 
  shown 
  a 
  tendency 
  toward 
  civilization. 
  This 
  it 
  has 
  done 
  readily, 
  

   since 
  its 
  habits 
  are 
  in 
  unison 
  witli 
  the 
  cultivation 
  of 
  the 
  soil. 
  It 
  is 
  only 
  since 
  the 
  

   settlement 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  where 
  it 
  originally 
  occurred 
  that 
  it 
  has 
  multiplied 
  so 
  as 
  

   to 
  become 
  sufficiently 
  numerous 
  to 
  become 
  a 
  serious 
  pest. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  cultivated 
  grounds 
  that 
  are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  compact, 
  pref- 
  

   erablj' 
  old 
  roads, 
  deserted 
  fields, 
  the 
  edges 
  of 
  weed 
  patches, 
  and 
  well-grazed 
  i)astiu'es 
  

   adjoining 
  weedy 
  ravines. 
  Egg 
  laying 
  begins 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  August 
  and 
  con- 
  

   tinues 
  into 
  October, 
  varying 
  of 
  course, 
  according 
  to 
  latitude 
  and 
  climatic 
  conditions. 
  

   Usually 
  but 
  not 
  always, 
  only 
  a 
  single 
  cluster 
  of 
  eggs 
  is 
  deposited 
  by 
  each 
  female. 
  

   Frequently 
  there 
  are 
  two, 
  and 
  in 
  extreme 
  cases 
  perhajjs 
  oven 
  three, 
  of 
  these 
  clusters 
  

   deposited 
  by 
  a 
  single 
  feiiiale. 
  

  

  121. 
  MELANOPLUS 
  ROBUSTUS. 
  

   (Plate 
  XXIII, 
  tig. 
  5.) 
  

  

  Caloptenus 
  rohustus 
  ScudderI, 
  Proc. 
  Bost. 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  XYII 
  (1875), 
  p. 
  473; 
  

  

  Ent. 
  Notes, 
  IV 
  (1875). 
  p. 
  72. 
  — 
  Thomas, 
  Kep. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Ent. 
  Conim., 
  I 
  (1873), 
  

  

  p. 
  42.— 
  Scudder!, 
  Cent. 
  Orth. 
  (1879), 
  p. 
  17.— 
  Riley, 
  Am. 
  Ent., 
  Ill 
  (1880), 
  

  

  p. 
  220.— 
  Bruner, 
  Rep. 
  V. 
  S. 
  Ent. 
  Comm., 
  Ill 
  (1883), 
  p. 
  60. 
  

   Calopten 
  us 
  ponde.rosua 
  Scuddkk, 
  Proc. 
  Bost. 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  XVII 
  (1875), 
  p. 
  473; 
  

  

  Ent. 
  Notes, 
  IV 
  (1875), 
  p. 
  72.— 
  Thomas, 
  Rep. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Ent. 
  Comm., 
  I 
  (1878), 
  

  

  p. 
  42.— 
  Scudder, 
  Cent. 
  Orth. 
  (1879), 
  p. 
  17.— 
  Brixer, 
  Rep. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Ent. 
  Comm., 
  

  

  Ill 
  (1883), 
  p. 
  GO. 
  

   Pezotettlx 
  rohiistus 
  Stal, 
  Bih. 
  K. 
  Sv. 
  Vet.-Akad. 
  Handl., 
  V, 
  No. 
  9 
  (1878), 
  p. 
  14. 
  

   MehtnopJiis 
  rohiistus 
  Scudder, 
  Cent. 
  Orth. 
  (1879), 
  p. 
  84. 
  — 
  BnrxEii, 
  Bull. 
  Div. 
  

  

  Ent.U. 
  S. 
  Dep. 
  Agric, 
  XXVII 
  (1892), 
  p. 
  33; 
  ibid., 
  XXVIII 
  (1893). 
  pp. 
  17-19, 
  

  

  figs. 
  6, 
  7; 
  Rep. 
  Nebr. 
  St. 
  Bd. 
  Agric, 
  1893 
  (1893), 
  p. 
  460. 
  

   MeJanoplus 
  ponderosus 
  Scudder, 
  Cent. 
  Orth. 
  (1879), 
  p. 
  84. 
  — 
  Bruxer, 
  Can. 
  Ent., 
  

  

  XXIII 
  n891), 
  p. 
  193; 
  Ins. 
  Life, 
  IV 
  (1891), 
  p. 
  22; 
  Rep. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Ont., 
  XXII 
  

  

  (1891), 
  p. 
  48. 
  

  

  Varying- 
  from 
  brownish 
  testaceous 
  to 
  brownish 
  fuscous, 
  with 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  of 
  a 
  cinereous 
  tint; 
  front 
  of 
  head 
  and 
  sides 
  of 
  pronotum 
  a 
  little 
  

   paler, 
  tinged 
  with 
  yellow, 
  the 
  head 
  obscurely 
  and 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  heavily 
  

   flecked 
  with 
  brown 
  : 
  antennae 
  yellow, 
  iufuscated 
  toward 
  the 
  tip. 
  Inter- 
  

   space 
  between 
  the 
  eyes 
  much 
  broader 
  than 
  (male) 
  or 
  twice 
  as 
  broad 
  

   as 
  (female) 
  the 
  basal 
  antennal 
  joint, 
  the 
  fastigium 
  broad, 
  broadening 
  in 
  

   front, 
  scarcely 
  depressed 
  except 
  sometimes 
  slightly 
  in 
  the 
  narrowest 
  

   part, 
  the 
  lateral 
  margins 
  sharp; 
  frontal 
  costa 
  broad, 
  broadening 
  below, 
  

   broadly 
  and 
  shallowly 
  sulcate 
  excepting 
  above. 
  Pronotnm 
  broadening 
  

   a 
  little 
  on 
  the 
  metazona, 
  the 
  median 
  carina 
  slight, 
  broken 
  by 
  all 
  the 
  

   sulci, 
  distinct 
  only 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  and 
  behind 
  them; 
  lateral 
  carinae 
  rather 
  

   distinct 
  but 
  slight 
  and 
  rounded. 
  Slight 
  black 
  markings 
  follow 
  the 
  

   anterior 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  lateral 
  carinae 
  and 
  the 
  transverse 
  sulci 
  of 
  the 
  

   lateral 
  lobes; 
  occasionally 
  these 
  markings 
  are 
  more 
  pronounced, 
  and 
  

   then 
  a 
  slender 
  blackish 
  stripe 
  passes 
  from 
  behind 
  the 
  eyes 
  to 
  the 
  meta- 
  

   zona, 
  sometimes 
  interrupted, 
  sometimes 
  accompanied 
  by 
  an 
  intuscatiou 
  

  

  