﻿590 
  PROCEEDiycS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM. 
  vol.xx 
  

  

  SAMAR, 
  LEYTE, 
  AND 
  PANAON. 
  

  

  I'or 
  the 
  purposes 
  of 
  this 
  paper 
  Saiiiur 
  and 
  Leyte 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  

   to 
  form 
  a 
  contiuuons 
  area, 
  for 
  the 
  channel 
  which 
  separates 
  them 
  is 
  very 
  

   narrow 
  and 
  is 
  dotted 
  witli 
  numerous 
  islets, 
  so 
  tliat 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  form 
  an 
  

   a])preciabh' 
  barrier. 
  The 
  first 
  collec^tions 
  of 
  inii)ortance 
  in 
  Samar 
  were 
  

   those 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  Steere 
  expedition. 
  Bourns 
  and 
  I 
  made 
  a 
  second 
  trip 
  

   to 
  the 
  ishind 
  upon 
  <mr 
  return 
  to 
  tlie 
  Philippines, 
  and 
  more 
  recently 
  

   Whitehead 
  has 
  visited 
  it 
  twice, 
  his 
  first 
  collection 
  having 
  unfortunately 
  

   been 
  destroyed. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  collector 
  to 
  visit 
  Leyte 
  was 
  Everett, 
  who 
  worked 
  at 
  the 
  

   southern 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  island. 
  Steere 
  made 
  a 
  short 
  collecting 
  trip 
  in 
  

   the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Tacloban 
  in 
  188S, 
  and 
  Whitehead 
  concluded 
  his 
  Philip- 
  

   pine 
  work 
  at 
  the 
  northern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  island 
  after 
  an 
  ineffectual 
  attempt 
  

   to 
  reach 
  Biliran. 
  

  

  Whitehead 
  was 
  unable 
  to 
  reach 
  good 
  collecting 
  ground 
  in 
  the 
  high 
  

   lands 
  of 
  either 
  Saniar 
  or 
  Leyte. 
  

  

  One 
  hundred 
  and 
  fifty 
  species 
  are 
  known 
  from 
  Samar, 
  against 
  119 
  

   from 
  Leyte. 
  The 
  only 
  differences 
  worth 
  mentioning 
  that 
  are 
  brought 
  

   out 
  by 
  comparing 
  the 
  species 
  known 
  from 
  the 
  two 
  islands 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  

   the 
  occurrence 
  in 
  southern 
  Leyte 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  Mindanao 
  species, 
  which 
  

   apparently 
  do 
  not 
  range 
  northward 
  into 
  Samar. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  peculiar 
  species 
  are 
  sufficient 
  to 
  give 
  to 
  the 
  avifauna 
  

   of 
  these 
  islands 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  of 
  individuality: 
  

  

  1. 
  Alcyone 
  fliiminicola. 
  12. 
  Oriohis 
  smnareusis. 
  

  

  2. 
  Ceyx 
  samarensis. 
  13. 
  Orthoiomus 
  sumurensis. 
  

  

  3. 
  Hydrocornx 
  semigalealus. 
  14. 
  Zosieroynis 
  pygmaeus. 
  

  

  4. 
  Penelopides 
  samureiisis. 
  15. 
  Zosterortm 
  nigrocajntatua. 
  

  

  5. 
  Jiolbopsittacus 
  intermedins. 
  16. 
  Rhahdorniainornatua. 
  

  

  6. 
  Loricuhis 
  uorcesteri. 
  17. 
  Ptilocichla 
  minnta. 
  

  

  7. 
  lytigipit 
  1(8 
  leytenais. 
  18. 
  Ircna 
  eUae. 
  

  

  8. 
  Clirysocolajjies 
  rufopunctatus. 
  19. 
  Perivrocotiis 
  leytensis. 
  

  

  9. 
  Tliriponac 
  pecioralis. 
  20. 
  MuscicapiiJa 
  .samarensis. 
  

  

  10. 
  iSarcophan()2)s 
  sanun-cnsis. 
  21. 
  Hypothymis 
  samarensis. 
  

  

  11. 
  Corviis 
  s(i 
  mnreiitiifi. 
  22. 
  Cyaiioitiyias 
  heJeiiae. 
  

  

  Pauaon 
  is 
  known 
  to 
  us 
  only 
  through 
  the 
  collections 
  of 
  Everett. 
  Of 
  

   the 
  20 
  species 
  of 
  birds 
  which 
  he 
  obtained, 
  only 
  Chrysocolaptes 
  rufo- 
  

   punctatus, 
  Thriponax 
  pectoralis, 
  and 
  Hi/drocorax 
  s("ini<;a 
  lea 
  fits 
  afford 
  

   evidence 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  zoological 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  island. 
  Tiiese 
  all 
  point 
  to 
  

   a 
  close 
  relationshi]) 
  with 
  Leyte, 
  of 
  which 
  Panaon 
  probably 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  

   formed 
  a 
  southern 
  projection. 
  

  

  THE 
  KELATIONSHIP 
  BETWEEN 
  LUZON, 
  SAMAR. 
  AND 
  LEYTE. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  already 
  given 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  51 
  species 
  not 
  recorded 
  outside 
  of 
  Luzon 
  

   and 
  the 
  small 
  islands 
  immediately 
  adjacent 
  to 
  it. 
  In 
  comparing 
  the 
  

   birds 
  of 
  Luzon 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  Samar 
  and 
  Leyte 
  we 
  must 
  add 
  to 
  this 
  list 
  

  

  