﻿NO. 
  ii:j4. 
  PHlLirnXE 
  ORXITHOLOGY— 
  WORCESTER 
  AND 
  BOURNS. 
  595 
  

  

  When 
  we 
  note 
  further 
  that 
  Phahotreron 
  hrevirostris 
  is 
  replaced 
  in 
  

   Basilan 
  by 
  P. 
  occipitalis^ 
  Phahotreron 
  aniethystina 
  by 
  P. 
  briinneiceps, 
  

   Penelopides 
  ajfinis 
  by 
  P. 
  hasilamca^ 
  Macrontis 
  niiii(hnicnsis 
  by 
  M. 
  stri- 
  

   aticep.s, 
  and 
  Ptilocichla 
  )>rin(lan('nsis 
  by 
  P. 
  basilanica, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  that 
  

   ^4 
  rachnotheraphilippinensis^ 
  Anthothreptes 
  griscigiilaris, 
  Ghloropsis 
  Jfavi- 
  

   pcnnis, 
  lole 
  everetti, 
  and 
  Zosterornis 
  phiteni 
  all 
  apparently 
  reach 
  their 
  

   southern 
  limit 
  in 
  Mindanao, 
  it 
  becomes 
  evident 
  that 
  the 
  relationship 
  

   between 
  the 
  birds 
  of 
  ^Mindanao 
  and 
  Uasilan 
  does 
  not 
  by 
  any 
  means 
  

   aiiioniit 
  to 
  identity. 
  

  

  The 
  lacts 
  may 
  be 
  explained 
  by 
  supposing 
  that 
  Basilan 
  was 
  once 
  a 
  

   part 
  of 
  Mindanao, 
  or 
  at 
  all 
  events 
  was 
  more 
  closely 
  connected 
  with 
  

   that 
  island 
  than 
  it 
  is 
  at 
  present; 
  that 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  cut 
  off 
  long 
  enough 
  

   to 
  allow 
  of 
  the 
  differentiation 
  of 
  its 
  representative 
  species 
  allied 
  to 
  

   Mindanao 
  forms, 
  and 
  tliat 
  in 
  the 
  meantime 
  a 
  connection 
  has 
  come 
  

   into 
  existence 
  between 
  Leyte 
  and 
  Mindanao 
  snfficiently 
  good 
  to 
  allow 
  

   of 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  those 
  Samar- 
  Leyte 
  forms 
  which 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  Min- 
  

   danao, 
  but 
  wanting 
  in 
  Basilan. 
  

  

  Possible 
  contirmation 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  theory 
  might 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  ranging 
  

   of 
  Zosterornis 
  capitalis 
  into 
  southern 
  Leyte, 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  lole 
  philip- 
  

   2)in€iisis 
  into 
  northern 
  Mindanao. 
  Each 
  of 
  tliese 
  forms 
  might 
  be 
  

   considered 
  to 
  have 
  recently 
  crossed, 
  the 
  one 
  going 
  north, 
  the 
  other 
  

   south. 
  Manifestly, 
  however, 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  Zosterornis 
  capitalis 
  in 
  

   northern 
  Leyte 
  and 
  SaTuar, 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  lole 
  philippinensis 
  in 
  southern 
  

   Mindanao 
  admits 
  of 
  other 
  explanation 
  than 
  the 
  mere 
  lack 
  of 
  time 
  to 
  

   spread 
  there. 
  

  

  At 
  present 
  the 
  gap 
  between 
  Basilan 
  and 
  Mindanao 
  is 
  slightly 
  smaller 
  

   than 
  that 
  between 
  Mindanao 
  and 
  Panaou, 
  which 
  island 
  may 
  be 
  regarded 
  

   as 
  a 
  southern 
  prolongation 
  of 
  Leyte. 
  A 
  single 
  sounding 
  "80 
  fathoms, 
  

   no 
  bottom," 
  is 
  shown 
  on 
  the 
  chart 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  passage. 
  In 
  

   the 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  information 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  water 
  between 
  Dinagat 
  

   and 
  Leyte, 
  it 
  is 
  ]ierhaps 
  useless 
  to 
  attempt 
  to 
  theorize 
  further 
  as 
  to 
  

   possible 
  past 
  laud 
  connections 
  at 
  this 
  point. 
  

  

  DINAGAT, 
  CAMIGUIN, 
  NIPAH, 
  BAZOL, 
  SAKUYOK, 
  AND 
  MALANIPA. 
  

  

  Dinagat 
  is 
  the 
  largest 
  and 
  best 
  known 
  of 
  these 
  islands. 
  Mr. 
  Everett 
  

   obtained 
  39 
  species 
  of 
  birds 
  there, 
  and 
  no 
  collector 
  has 
  since 
  visited 
  

   the 
  locality. 
  The 
  occurrence 
  of 
  Alcyone 
  ar{/entata, 
  Loricidus 
  apicalis, 
  

   and 
  esi)ecially 
  that 
  of 
  Sarcophanops 
  steerii 
  marks 
  the 
  island 
  as 
  belong- 
  

   ing 
  with 
  Mindanao. 
  

  

  Camiguin 
  is 
  a 
  volcanic 
  island 
  of 
  small 
  size 
  lying 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  

   from 
  the 
  north 
  shore 
  of 
  Mindanao. 
  Nipah, 
  Bazol, 
  and 
  Sakuyok 
  are, 
  

   according 
  to 
  Lord 
  Tweeddale, 
  " 
  situated 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  

   Mindanao, 
  and 
  are 
  only 
  separated 
  from 
  that 
  island 
  by 
  narrow 
  chan- 
  

   nels." 
  They 
  are 
  too 
  small 
  to 
  be 
  named 
  in 
  any 
  of 
  my 
  charts. 
  But 
  

   13 
  species 
  of 
  birds 
  were 
  obtained 
  from 
  the 
  three 
  localities 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   Everett, 
  the 
  only 
  collector 
  who 
  has 
  visited 
  them. 
  The 
  siiecies 
  procured 
  

   are 
  all 
  common 
  Mindanao 
  forms. 
  

  

  