﻿NO. 
  1136. 
  OBSERVATIONS 
  ON 
  THE 
  ASTACIDJE— 
  FAXON. 
  673 
  

  

  Astacus 
  hicarinatus 
  Hess, 
  Arch. 
  f. 
  Naturgesch,, 
  31ter 
  Jahrg., 
  I, 
  p. 
  164, 
  1865 
  (after 
  

   Gray; 
  no 
  description). 
  

   . 
  Astacus 
  Mcarinaius 
  von 
  Makten.s, 
  Monatsber. 
  Akad. 
  Wisseuscli. 
  Berlin, 
  1868 
  

   : 
  p. 
  617. 
  

  

  ' 
  Aataco'ides 
  hicarinatus 
  McCoy, 
  Prod. 
  Zool. 
  Victoria, 
  Decade 
  III, 
  pi. 
  xxix, 
  1879. 
  

   Astacopsis 
  hicarinatus 
  Haswell, 
  Cat. 
  Australian 
  Stalk- 
  and 
  Sessile-eyed 
  Crust. 
  

  

  p. 
  177, 
  1882 
  (aftiT 
  Gray). 
  

   Chcraps 
  hicarinatus 
  Or'tmat>;n, 
  Zoolog. 
  Jahrb., 
  Abtb. 
  f. 
  Syst., 
  VI, 
  p. 
  7, 
  pi. 
  i, 
  fig. 
  2, 
  

   1891; 
  Semen's 
  Zoolog. 
  Forsch. 
  in 
  Australien, 
  V, 
  1 
  Lief., 
  p. 
  21 
  (Denkschr. 
  

   ' 
  raed.-naturwisseusch. 
  Gesellscli. 
  zu 
  Jena, 
  VIII), 
  1894. 
  

  

  ? 
  Chcraps 
  prcissii 
  Ortmann, 
  Zoolog. 
  Jahrb., 
  Abtb. 
  f. 
  Syst., 
  VI, 
  p. 
  8, 
  pi. 
  i, 
  fig. 
  1, 
  

   1891. 
  

  

  Habitat. 
  — 
  Australia. 
  Port 
  Essington 
  (Gray), 
  Cape 
  York 
  (von 
  Mar- 
  

   tens), 
  Eockhampton 
  (Ortmaun), 
  Manning 
  Eiver 
  (Haswell), 
  Sydney 
  

   (Coll. 
  Mas. 
  Comp. 
  Zool.), 
  Murray 
  River 
  (von 
  Martens), 
  Melbourne 
  (Coll. 
  

   Mus. 
  Comp. 
  Zool.). 
  

  

  Gray's 
  description 
  and 
  figure 
  of 
  Astaeus 
  hicarinatus 
  (from 
  Port 
  Es- 
  

   sington, 
  northern 
  Australia) 
  do 
  not 
  apply 
  very 
  closely 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  

   now 
  commonly 
  known 
  by 
  this 
  name. 
  The 
  wrist, 
  for 
  instance, 
  is 
  described 
  

   and 
  figured 
  as 
  ''triangular, 
  angularly 
  produced 
  in 
  front;" 
  the 
  areola 
  is 
  

   too 
  broad, 
  and 
  the 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  carina^ 
  on 
  the 
  tail 
  fin 
  is 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  clear. 
  

   Gray's 
  type 
  should 
  be 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum. 
  In 
  close 
  connection 
  with 
  

   his 
  description 
  of 
  ^. 
  hicarinatus. 
  Gray 
  notices 
  a 
  drawiiig 
  brought 
  home 
  

   by 
  Eyre, 
  representing 
  the 
  " 
  Ukodko," 
  or 
  smaller 
  crayfish 
  of 
  the 
  Murray 
  

   Eiver 
  — 
  undoubtedly 
  the 
  Chcraps 
  hicarinatus 
  of 
  more 
  recent 
  authors. 
  

   Gray's 
  failure 
  to 
  identify 
  the 
  " 
  Ukodko 
  " 
  with 
  his 
  own 
  Astacus 
  hicari- 
  

   natus 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  inaccuracy 
  of 
  the 
  drawing, 
  which 
  

   showed 
  no 
  indications 
  of 
  the 
  carina^ 
  or 
  postorbital 
  ridges. 
  

  

  Chcraps 
  hicarinatus 
  attains 
  to 
  a 
  length 
  of 
  about 
  6 
  inches. 
  The 
  ros- 
  

   trum 
  is 
  long 
  triangular 
  in 
  outline, 
  plane 
  above, 
  the 
  margins 
  slightly 
  

   raised, 
  commonly 
  armed 
  with 
  a 
  minute 
  tooth 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  near 
  the 
  tip; 
  

   but 
  the 
  lateral 
  teeth 
  are 
  wholly 
  wanting 
  in 
  some 
  individuals. 
  The 
  

   postorbital 
  ridges 
  may 
  terminate 
  anteriorly 
  in 
  a 
  blunt 
  tubercle, 
  or 
  in 
  

   others 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  quite 
  free 
  from 
  any 
  tendency 
  to 
  develop 
  tul)ercle 
  

   or 
  spine. 
  The 
  areola 
  is 
  narrow, 
  widening 
  gradually 
  from 
  the 
  anterior 
  

   end 
  backward. 
  The 
  antennal 
  scale 
  is 
  very 
  broad, 
  broadest 
  at 
  the 
  

   distal 
  end, 
  its 
  inner 
  margin 
  very 
  convex. 
  In 
  large 
  specimens 
  the 
  

   dactylus 
  of 
  the 
  chelipeds 
  is 
  equal 
  in 
  length 
  to 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  

   palm, 
  but 
  in 
  small 
  specimens 
  the 
  fingers 
  are 
  commonly 
  longer 
  in 
  pro- 
  

   portion 
  to 
  the 
  palm. 
  The 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  hand 
  is 
  sparsely 
  and 
  

   not 
  very 
  conspicuously 
  punctate, 
  the 
  puuctations 
  being 
  most 
  evident 
  

   on 
  the 
  outer 
  half 
  of 
  this 
  surface. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  Mr. 
  Eyre, 
  as 
  quoted 
  by 
  Gray, 
  this 
  crayfish 
  (known 
  to 
  the 
  

   aborigines 
  of 
  the 
  Murray 
  Eiver 
  district 
  as 
  the 
  UJcodlo 
  or 
  Koongola) 
  

   "is 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  alluvial 
  flats 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  Murray, 
  in 
  South 
  Australia, 
  

   which 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  a 
  periodical 
  flooding 
  by 
  the 
  river. 
  It 
  burrows 
  deep 
  

   below 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  as 
  the 
  floods 
  recede 
  and 
  are 
  dried 
  up, 
  and 
  

   remains 
  dormant 
  until 
  the 
  next 
  flooding 
  recalls 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  surface. 
  At 
  

   Proc. 
  N. 
  M. 
  vol. 
  XX 
  43 
  

  

  