﻿260 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  COMMISSIONER 
  OF 
  FISH 
  AND 
  FISHERIES. 
  [44] 
  

  

  ets, 
  and, 
  of 
  course, 
  water 
  from 
  the 
  sea 
  ran 
  into 
  the 
  well 
  through 
  the 
  

   holes 
  in 
  the 
  bottom, 
  and 
  thus 
  a 
  good 
  circulation 
  was 
  secured. 
  The 
  

   English 
  fishermen 
  prevent 
  halibut 
  from 
  interfering 
  with 
  the 
  circulation 
  

   by 
  suspending 
  them 
  by 
  their 
  tails. 
  The 
  Key 
  West 
  fishermen 
  usually 
  

   adopt 
  another 
  method, 
  and 
  one 
  that 
  is 
  feasible 
  when 
  a 
  vessel 
  is 
  in 
  

   smoooth 
  water. 
  Mr. 
  Stearns, 
  who 
  is 
  familiar 
  with 
  the 
  fishery, 
  tells 
  me 
  

   that 
  each 
  vessel 
  has 
  a 
  live 
  car 
  on 
  board, 
  and 
  when 
  there 
  is 
  danger 
  of 
  

   the 
  fish 
  being 
  injured 
  by 
  a 
  lack 
  of 
  circulation 
  in 
  the 
  well, 
  they 
  are 
  put 
  

   in 
  the 
  live 
  car, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  towed 
  about 
  until 
  the 
  desired 
  results 
  are 
  ob- 
  

   tained. 
  The 
  Key 
  West 
  fishermen 
  also 
  "bail 
  out" 
  the 
  wells 
  of 
  their 
  

   smacks. 
  

  

  2 
  VESSELS. 
  

  

  The 
  smacks 
  first 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  Key 
  West 
  fisheries 
  were 
  mostly, 
  if 
  not 
  

   wholly, 
  from 
  ports 
  on 
  Long 
  Island 
  Sound, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  New 
  London 
  

   vessels 
  (sloops 
  and 
  schooners) 
  may 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  type. 
  These 
  smacks, 
  

   so 
  far 
  as 
  their 
  model, 
  rig, 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  well, 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  minor 
  

   details 
  are 
  concerned, 
  were 
  admirably 
  well 
  adapted 
  for 
  work 
  in 
  this 
  re- 
  

   gion, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  consequence 
  a 
  considerable 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  Northern-built 
  

   vessels 
  were 
  purchased 
  by 
  Key 
  West 
  parties. 
  It 
  was 
  fonnd, 
  however, 
  

   that 
  the 
  material 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  the 
  Northern 
  vessels 
  was 
  

   not 
  so 
  durable 
  as 
  the 
  native 
  woods 
  of 
  Florida, 
  and 
  as 
  the 
  business 
  de- 
  

   veloped 
  and 
  called 
  for 
  an 
  increase 
  in 
  the 
  fleet 
  the 
  demand 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  

   building 
  of 
  smacks 
  at 
  Key 
  West. 
  These, 
  with 
  few 
  exceptions, 
  are 
  

   schooners, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  modeled 
  and 
  rigged 
  precisely 
  like 
  the 
  smacks 
  

   from 
  New 
  London, 
  which 
  they 
  also 
  resemble 
  in 
  the 
  minor 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  

   arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  well, 
  ice 
  pens, 
  and 
  cabin 
  accommodations.* 
  In 
  a 
  

   few 
  cases, 
  as 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  mentioned 
  in 
  discussing 
  the 
  sponge 
  ves- 
  

   sels, 
  the 
  cabins 
  are 
  built 
  without 
  berth-boards, 
  a 
  style 
  that 
  obtains 
  very 
  

   generally 
  on 
  other 
  types 
  of 
  Key 
  West 
  fishing 
  craft. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  schooner-smack 
  Emma 
  L. 
  Lowe, 
  one 
  

   of 
  the 
  largest 
  and 
  finest 
  of 
  the 
  Key 
  West 
  fleet, 
  built 
  in 
  1875, 
  will 
  give 
  a 
  

   fair 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  leading 
  characteristics 
  of 
  this 
  class 
  of 
  vessels.t 
  She 
  is 
  

   a 
  carvel 
  built, 
  keel 
  craft, 
  with 
  a 
  good 
  sheer, 
  broad 
  beam, 
  and 
  a 
  reason- 
  

   able 
  amount 
  of 
  depth. 
  She 
  has 
  a 
  sharp 
  bow, 
  flaring 
  somewhat 
  above 
  

   water; 
  a 
  recurved, 
  slightly 
  raking 
  stem; 
  long, 
  projecting 
  cutwater; 
  high 
  

   rising 
  floor 
  (the 
  floor 
  timbers 
  of 
  the 
  midship 
  section 
  being 
  nearly 
  straight 
  

   from 
  the 
  gar 
  board 
  to 
  the 
  turn 
  of 
  the 
  bilge) 
  ; 
  rather 
  quick 
  turn 
  to 
  the 
  

   bilge; 
  a 
  long, 
  lean, 
  concaved 
  run; 
  slightly 
  overhanging 
  counters; 
  and 
  

   a 
  deep, 
  square 
  stern, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  somewhat 
  thinner 
  at 
  the 
  sides 
  than 
  

   in 
  the 
  center. 
  The 
  stern-post 
  has 
  only 
  a 
  moderate 
  rake, 
  and 
  the 
  vessel 
  

  

  * 
  There 
  is 
  at 
  present 
  only 
  one 
  sloop 
  smack 
  owned 
  at 
  Key 
  West, 
  we 
  were 
  told, 
  and 
  

   she 
  was 
  built 
  in 
  New 
  England. 
  

  

  tThe 
  builder's 
  model 
  of 
  this 
  smack 
  has 
  been 
  presented 
  to 
  the 
  National 
  Museum, 
  at 
  

   Washington, 
  by 
  Mr. 
  William 
  J. 
  Albury, 
  who 
  built 
  her, 
  and 
  to 
  whom 
  I 
  am 
  indebted 
  

   for 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  her 
  construction, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  for 
  particulars 
  of 
  the 
  sponge, 
  

   schoouer 
  Lillie. 
  

  

  