﻿[15] 
  THE 
  MANUFACTURE 
  OF 
  KLIP-FISH. 
  339 
  

  

  to 
  surface-water, 
  or 
  so 
  much 
  affected 
  by 
  dust 
  and 
  other 
  filth 
  as 
  when 
  

   they 
  are 
  dried 
  on 
  the 
  beach 
  or 
  on 
  a 
  hillside. 
  Finally, 
  the 
  fish 
  become 
  

   heavier, 
  as 
  they 
  retain 
  more 
  salt 
  than 
  when 
  the 
  drying 
  takes 
  place 
  

   mainly 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  pressure. 
  

  

  The 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  scaffolding 
  in 
  the 
  countries 
  here 
  named 
  is 
  due 
  partly 
  

   to 
  a 
  want 
  of 
  natural 
  drying 
  places, 
  but 
  chiefly 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  manu- 
  

   facture 
  occurs 
  mostly 
  in 
  summer. 
  Canada 
  and 
  Newfoundland 
  lie 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  about 
  43° 
  and 
  50° 
  of 
  north 
  latitude, 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  latitude 
  as 
  

   France, 
  and 
  their 
  southern 
  situation, 
  with 
  the 
  climatic 
  conditions 
  con- 
  

   sequent 
  thereupon, 
  has 
  made 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  scaffolding 
  a 
  necessity. 
  This 
  

   must, 
  therefore, 
  not 
  be 
  considered 
  as 
  a 
  special 
  method, 
  but 
  as 
  a 
  mode 
  

   of 
  drying 
  called 
  forth 
  chiefly 
  by 
  necessity. 
  

  

  The 
  scaffolding 
  is 
  expensive, 
  wherefore 
  cheaper 
  methods 
  of 
  drying 
  

   are 
  also 
  employed 
  ia 
  places 
  where 
  the 
  conditions 
  allow 
  it, 
  or 
  where 
  there 
  

   is 
  difficulty 
  in 
  obtaining 
  the 
  necessary 
  wood- 
  work. 
  Thus 
  there 
  are 
  con- 
  

   structed 
  besides 
  the 
  scaffolding 
  some 
  artificial 
  drying 
  places 
  of 
  stone 
  

   cairns 
  or 
  gravel 
  heaps 
  with 
  shingles. 
  In 
  Newfoundland 
  the 
  latter 
  have 
  

   an 
  underlayer 
  of 
  bark 
  upon 
  which 
  is 
  placed 
  a 
  layer, 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  inches 
  thick, 
  

   of 
  shingles. 
  The 
  stone 
  heaps 
  are 
  used 
  chiefly 
  in 
  Iceland 
  and 
  in 
  Scot- 
  

   land 
  ; 
  the 
  gravel 
  heaps, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  mostly 
  in 
  British 
  North 
  

   America. 
  In 
  many 
  places 
  stone 
  fences 
  also 
  are 
  used. 
  The 
  artificial 
  

   drying 
  places 
  of 
  stone 
  here 
  mentioned, 
  have 
  the 
  advantage 
  previously 
  

   referred 
  to 
  in 
  speaking 
  of 
  the 
  scaffolding 
  (though 
  in 
  a 
  less 
  degree), 
  of 
  

   a 
  circulation 
  of 
  air 
  on 
  both 
  sides, 
  while 
  the 
  surface 
  water 
  has 
  free 
  

   drainage. 
  

  

  In 
  Firtiaarene, 
  * 
  in 
  Norway, 
  an 
  experiment 
  was 
  made 
  with 
  scaffoldings 
  ; 
  

   but 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  too 
  expensive 
  in 
  proportion 
  to 
  their 
  advantages. 
  

   There 
  can 
  be 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  these 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  artificial 
  stone 
  heaps 
  

   are 
  preferable 
  to 
  a 
  hillside, 
  but 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  used 
  it 
  is 
  because 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  sufficient 
  number 
  of 
  natural 
  drying 
  places, 
  and 
  because 
  the 
  

   climatic 
  conditions 
  among 
  us 
  make 
  these 
  more 
  available 
  than 
  among 
  

   most 
  of 
  our 
  competitors. 
  These 
  make 
  it 
  necessary 
  for 
  us 
  to 
  employ 
  to 
  

   a 
  greater 
  extent 
  the 
  pressing 
  process 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  remove 
  the 
  moisture 
  

   from 
  the 
  fish, 
  since 
  there 
  is 
  not 
  sufficient 
  heat 
  to 
  accomplish 
  this 
  by 
  

   evaporation. 
  

  

  As 
  we 
  also 
  know 
  the 
  advantages 
  from 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  scaffoldings 
  and, 
  

   stone 
  structures, 
  &c, 
  their 
  use 
  demanding 
  less 
  pressing 
  and 
  conse- 
  

   quently 
  giving 
  a 
  greater 
  weight, 
  we 
  dispense 
  in 
  drying 
  with 
  the 
  hill 
  

   side. 
  That 
  these 
  also 
  can 
  produce 
  first-class 
  products 
  the 
  Norwegian 
  

   klip-fish 
  has 
  given 
  and 
  still 
  gives 
  the 
  best 
  evidence. 
  But 
  it 
  causes 
  more 
  

   labor 
  and 
  produces 
  less 
  weight. 
  

  

  If 
  a 
  hillside 
  is 
  used 
  the 
  drying 
  place 
  should 
  slope 
  from 
  the 
  sun, 
  and 
  

   especially 
  towards 
  one 
  of 
  th$ 
  points 
  between 
  north 
  and 
  east, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  

   will 
  be 
  open 
  to 
  the 
  winds 
  from 
  these 
  quarters, 
  and 
  protected 
  from 
  the 
  

   westerly 
  and 
  southerly 
  winds. 
  It 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  sloping 
  and 
  level 
  so 
  that 
  

  

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